ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe prevalence and causes of visual impairment have been estimated in a sample of 423 Type 2 diabetic outpatients, aged 35 to 74 years, recruited in 8 centres from all parts of France. The presence of retinopathy was assessed by fluorescein angiography with centralized interpretation. The presence of cataract and glaucoma was also recorded. Prevalence of blindness was 1.2%. Moderate visual impairment affected 7% of the patients. The major cause of blindness was cataract, explaining 38% of the cases of blindness. Retinopathy was associated to blindness in 2 cases out of 26. More than half of the patients with proliferative retinopathy and the third of those who had macular edema had been treated by photocoagulation. According to the present patient material, retinopathy is a minor cause of visual impairment in Type 2 diabetic patients, cataract remaining the major cause. This reflects the introduction of photocoagulation into ophthalmologic pratice.

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOscillatory movement displacement thresholds from a group of 18 normal children (mean age of 9.2 ± 3.6 years) were compared with those obtained from a group of 26 age‐matched children (mean age of 9.9 ± 2.9 years) having insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Disease durations ranged from 6 months to 12 years, although no ophthalmoscopic evidence of retinopathy was found in any subject. Up to about 8 years of age there is no significant difference in the performance of diabetics and controls (t = 1.00, p = n.s.), oscillatory movement displacement thresholds correlating with age in both groups (r = ‐0.59, p<0.02). Over about 8 years of age oscillatory movement displacement thresholds no longer improve and the two groups perform significantly differently, thresholds being degraded in the insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus group compared to normals (t = 5.25, p<<0.0001). It is suggested that the measurement of oscillatory movement displacement thresholds in children with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus can reveal its effects in the absence of

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of various dye laser wavelengths in different forms of retinopathies. The study material consisted of 292 eyes of 210 diabetic retinopathy patients treated with dye laser photocoagulation between 1990 and 1992. All the patients were followed for at least 6 months after photocoagulation. Nonproliferative changes (maculopathy and/or preproliferative retinopathy) were present in 135 (46.3%) and proliferative retinopathy in 157 (53.7%) of the eyes undergoing photocoagulation. Of the 157 eyes with proliferative retinopathy, 60 (20.5%) had disc neovascularization, 71 (24.3%) had retinal neovascularization and 26 (8.9%) had retinitis proliferans. Yellow dye laser (580 nm) was applied in 92 (31.5%) eyes, red dye laser (630 nm) in 120 (41.1%) eyes and both yellow and red dye lasers in 80 (27.4%) eyes. There was no significant difference between the different wavelength groups with regard to visual acuity changes before and after treatment (p<0.01). Overall, the visual acuity was maintained in 56.2% and improved in 25.0% of the eyes. After panretinal photocoagulation, disc neovascularization regressed partially or completely in 47 (78.3%) of the eyes. There was no significant difference among the various laser wavelengths with regard to treatment efficacy judged by the disappearance or regression of disc neovascularization (p<0.01). All retinal neovascularizations regressed completely with laser treatment, but in 7 eyes (9.9%) new retinal neovascularizations in previously untreated areas developed. Dye laser has not resulted in any complications. It requires lower power settings compared to argon laser and thus facilitates photocoagulation. Another advantage of dye laser is the ability to use yellow and red wavelengths sequentially.

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of age on flash visual evoked potentials was investigate in 148 normal subjects aged 6 to 84 years. The occurrence of the P1 wave progressively increased with age, while the P2 wave was recordable in all the subjects. There were significant effects of age on the P2 latency (p≤0.01) and the P2 amplitude (p≤0.01). The latency of the N1 and N2 waves significantly changed with age. In particular, the N2 wave that occurred in the absence of the P1 wave had a latency similar to that of the N1 wave had a latency similar to that of the N1 wave in cases where the P1 wave was present. We suggest that the cases apparently without the P1 wave could be explained with a merging of this wave with the P2 wave in a major single deflect

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe time needed to recover optokinetic nystagmus or electroretinography complexes after a glare inducing flash was measured to study the receptor and neural visual readaptation. Electroretinographs and optokinetic nystagmus were evoked with low intensity stimuli. The light from a flash tube was filtered with an interference filter (Tmax= 536 or 622 nm) and evenly distributed into a Goldmann hemisphere observed by the subject. The recovery of the amplitude of the a‐wave of the electroretinography is quicker than the recovery of optokinetic nystagmus after a low intensity glare inducing flash. The recovery time was shorter for a red than for a green flash of equivalent dose for both recovery modalities. The time difference between electroretinography a‐wave and optokinetic nystagmus recovery was the same and independent of glare inducing flash wavelength. The recovery of the amplitude of the a‐wave of the electroretinography was quicker than the recovery of optokinetic nystagmus after a low intensity glare inducing flash. This time difference between the recovery modalities may in part be due to the difference between the physiological stimuli used, but it is believed that most of the time difference is because the recovery of optokinetic nystagmus monitors more of the afferent visual pathway with complex post receptor neural mechanisms than the recovery of the a

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAccommodative vergence responses to accommodative stimuli presented at three different amplitudes in a stepwise and a sinusoidal mode to either the dominant or the non‐dominant eye were studied. The motor control loop was opened by one eye viewing the target and the other eye covered. Each eye was stimulated monocularly and eye movements were recorded with an infra‐red reflection system. Latency and time constant of the accommodative vergence response to step stimulation or the phase of the vergence response to sine wave stimulation, did not vary systematically with stimulus amplitude or eye stimulated. However, the gain of the accommodative vergence movements was highest in the non‐dominant eye at a particular stimulus amplitude. This suggested that accommodative vergence angles can vary depending on which eye is leading and driving the accommodative vergence system in a specific fixation situ

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to examine the in vitro activity of fusidic acid against bacterial isolates from conjunctival swabs. Conjunctival swabs from 213 patients with conjuntivitis were examined. One or more pathogens were grown from 73 patients. Forty per cent of isolates were resistant to fusidic acid on disc sensitivity testing. Reduced sensitivity was detected by minimum inhibitory concentration testing in many isolates of H. influenzae and an isolate of S. pneumoniae. In addition, the in vitro activity of fusidic acid was determined against upper respiratory tract isolates of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis; this showed that many isolates had a reduced sensitivity to fusidic acid. Topical fusidic acid may not be optimal empiric therapy of bacterial conjunctivitis.

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSelenium (Se) is a trace element which incorporates into the selenoenzyme glutathion peroxidase. Cataractogenesis may be caused either by the excess or deficiency of this trace element. More recently, its potential of becoming a possible environmental pollutant has been emphasized. In an attempt to reveal the relationship of this element with cataractogenesis, we detected its level in 48 serum, 36 lens and 9 aqueous humour samples of 48 patients with senile cataract, comparing the results with appropriate controls. Selenium levels (mean ± SD) of cataractous patients were found to be 0.28±0.04 μg/ml (CI: 0.27 to 0.29 μg/ml) in sera (controls: 0.32±0.04 μg/ml; CI: 0.30 to 0.34 μg/ml, p<0.0001), 5.43±3.07 μg/g dry weight (CI: 4.43 to 6.43 μg/g dry weight) in lens (controls: 4.43±2.53 μg/g dry weight; CI: 2.78 to 6.08 μg/g dry weight; p=0.374) and 0.19±0.06 μg/ml (CI: 0.15 to 0.23 μg/ml) in aqueous humour samples (controls: 0.31±0.12 μg/ml; CI: 0.24 to 0.38 μg/ml, p=0.02). When patient subgroups were analyzed, serum Se levels were found to be 0.28±0.05 μg/ml (CI: 0.26 to 0.30 μg/ml) in the nuclear cataract and 0.28±0.02 μg/ml (CI: 0.27 to 0.30 μg/ml) in the cortical cataract. Lens Se levels, on the other hand, were detected as 5.91±3.56 μg/g dry weight (CI: 4.49 to 7.33 μg/g dry weight) in the nuclear cataract and 4.47±1.40 μg/g dry weight (CI: 3.68 to 5.26 μg/g dry weight) in the cortical cataract. It is anticipated that decreased Se in aqueous humour and sera of patients with senile cataract may reflect defective antioxidative defense systems which may lea

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY