ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA population‐based survey of 760 people 65–74 years of age was conducted in the municipality of Tierp, central Sweden. The methods used to identify glaucoma suspects were applanation tonometry, automatic perimetry (Competer 350), and binocular assessment of the optic disc. For a diagnosis of definite open‐angle glaucoma, a visual field defect was required. Open‐angle glaucoma was found at a prevalence of 5.70% (95% confidence interval: 4.12‐7.27), which is higher than those figures reported for comparable surveys carried out on white populations. The occurrence of capsular glaucoma may in part explain this finding. Twenty of the 45 open‐angle glaucomas were diagnosed before the survey. In this category, capsular glaucoma accounted for 60%, whereas 84% of cases detected during the survey were chronic simple glaucomas. Eight cases (18%) were classified as normal tension glaucoma, all of whom were diagnosed during the survey. Chronic simple glaucoma was significantly more prevalent in males than

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT562 residents of Jin Shan aged 40 years and above underwent examinations to compare the sensitivity and specificity of oblique flashlight, peripheral slit beam and ultrasonographic evaluation of the anterior chamber depth to gonioscopy in detecting cases of PACG. Among 5441 eligible individuals aged 40 and above, 562 (10.3%) underwent screening for PACG, of whom 17 (3.02%) were defined as cases, and 10 (1.78%) as suspects. Home visits indicated that respondents for screening were similar to the population as a whole. Only 35% of PACG cases reported symptoms consistent with acute angle closure, and only 18% were previously diagnosed. When compared to gonioscopy, only ultrasonographic measurement of AC depth provided an adequate mix of sensitivity and specificity. Ultrasonography in combination with tonometry provided a sensitivity of 88% with a specificity of 92%. Sensitivity and specificity for ultrasonography in combination with refractive status were 84% and 83% respectively. Shallower AC depth (p = 0.0001), shorter axial globe length (p = 0.001), greater than 2D of hyperopia (p<0.001), high grades of nuclear sclerotic cataract (p<0.0001) and an increased cup‐to‐disc ratio (p = 0.002) were significantly correlated with a diagnosis of P

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe studied different structural optic disc parameters and their ability to discriminate between normal and glaucoma eyes using computerized raster tomography. Two hundred and seventy‐six eyes of 138 normal subjects and 146 eyes of 102 glaucoma patients were examined with a raster tomographic imaging system (The Glaucoma‐ScopeTM, Ophthalmic Imaging Systems, Sacramento, CA). Glaucoma eyes were classified into four groups according to their perimetric mean deviation values. Minimum rim width within the 60° and 90° sectors across the vertical meridian, vertical and horizontal cup‐disc ratio, rim and cup area were calculated for each optic disc. Receiver operating characteristics curves were set up for comparisons of the different parameters. Representing localised changes of the optic disc, minimum rim width 60° and 90° showed the best separating characteristics with sensitivity values of 91% at a fixed specificity of 90%, followed by vertical cup‐disc ratio. Global indices like cup and rim area and horizontal cup‐disc ratio showed the poorest separation. These differences were particularly obvious in the group with mild to moderate glaucomatous visual field defects. Thus, global parameters were less likely to detect early focal glaucomatous optic nerve head changes, than parameters representing loca

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTArgon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT; 1.0 W, 0.1 sec, 50 μm) was performed in right eyes, and low energy, Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser trabeculoplasty (Nd:YAGLT; 1.1–4.8 mJ/pulse) in left eyes of 14 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma and in one patient with juvenile glaucoma. The pre‐laser intraocular pressure (IOP) was medically uncontrollable (IOP>21 mmHg). The interocular pressure difference varied between 0 and 3 mmHg. In 9 patients IOP decreased to less than 22 mmHg (success) in both eyes. No statistically significant difference has been revealed with paired t‐test in the degree of IOP decrease between ALT and Nd:YAGLT treated eyes during the 1–18 months' follow‐up. Treatment variables of Nd:YAGLT had no statistically significant effect on the duration of the post‐laser success with Cox‐regression. In 4 patients both treatments were ineffective (IOP>21 mmHg). In 2 patients ALT was successful but Nd:YAGLT was ineffective. In three cases of early bilateral laser failure (IOP>21 mmHg at the first month visit) trabeculectomy was performed on both eyes in the third post‐laser month. Following ALT the uveoscleral meshwork was severely destroyed in the area of the laser spots, and the surrounding collagen fibres were heat‐damaged. The meshwork between the laser spots was covered by a membrane formed by migrating endothelial cells. In the uveoscleral meshwork Nd:YAGLT induced severe focal damage surrounded by circumscript shrinkage and scarring. The juxtacanalicular tissue remained free of laser induced damage. No endothelial membrane was present. The results suggest that low energy, Q‐switched Nd:YAGLT may represent an alternative method o

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA comparison of 90 day‐case and 102 in‐patient trabeculectomies is presented. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of post‐operative hyphaema (Chi‐squared test p = 0.84), shallow anterior chamber (p = 0.46), flat bleb (p = 0.84) or hypotony (p = 0.87) between the two groups. Casualty attendances, readmissions and further surgery in the postoperative period were seen with similar frequency in each group. Intraocular pressure control three months following surgery was not compromised by undergoing the procedure as a day‐case (p = 0.29). This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of ambulatory filtratio

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSimultaneously performed ophthalmoscopy and perimetry by microperimetry using the Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope eliminates some of the classical problems involved in transformation techniques in perimetry such as: optical distortions, unsteady fixation and alignment. Almost all reports published on microperimetry have addressed chorioretinal diseases, with only a few patients in each study. No reports have studied the normal values of this method. To evaluate the reliability of microperimetry, 30 healthy subjects ‐ 10 subjects from each of the age group: 40–49 years (male/female ratio: 4/6), 50–59 years (m/f ratio: 5/5) and 60–69 years (m/f ratio: 5/5) ‐ were repeatedly examined with microperimetry and automatic perimetry performed by the Octopus macular program M1. The results of the present study of microperimetry show that the standard deviation of the interindividual variance component was 1.36, that the standard deviation of the intraindividual variance component was 0.94 and that a test result obtained by microperimetry in any of the two locations studied can be related to a test result obtained by Octopus M1 in the same

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe intraocular pressure reducing effect and side‐effects of latanoprost, a phenyl‐substituted prostaglandin analogue, were compared with those of timolol, in a group of 31 glaucomatous or ocular hypertensive patients, divided into three subgroups. The study was randomized and double masked. At the end of 6 month's treatment with latanoprost 0.005% once daily, either as a morning dose or as an evening dose, there was a reduction in intraocular pressure of 33% (p<0.001) and 36% (p<0.001), respectively. The intraocular pressure reduction of timolol 0.5%, administered twice daily was 26% (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in conjunctival hyperemia between the groups and there were few subjective symptoms in any of the patients. One patient with a light green‐brown iris, treated with latanoprost in one eye only, exhibited an increase in iris colour in the treated eye at week 26, and did not show any signs of reversion 9 months after discontinuing the therapy. It may be concluded that latanoprost is well tolerated and at least as effective as timolol in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension when applied once daily. The exact mechanism behind the increase in iris pigmentation and the clinical significance of this previously unknown side‐effect needs to be investigated

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe studied 36 consecutive patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy to determine prognostic factors associated with intraocular pressure control one year postoperatively. In patients who were either easier (intraocular pressure<16 mmHg, n = 19) or more difficult (≥ 16 mmHg, n = 17) to control, the mean intraocular pressure increased up to the fourth week postoperatively. In the more difficult to control group, however, the intraocular pressure continued to increase and a statistical difference between groups was noted by the second month postoperatively (P<0.05). The peak intraocular pressure within the first month postoperatively was lower in patients easier to control long‐term (P0.05). This study suggests combined trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification is safe and effective in controlling intraocular pressure postoperatively. Determining from the early postoperative examination the long‐term pressure control, however, is diff

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo investigate the acute effects of topically administered 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride on blood velocity and resistance parameters of central retinal and ophthalmic arteries, the vessels were studied by color Doppler ultrasonography during baseline and at the time of peak effect of apraclonidine in 20 healthy volunteers. After medication, significant decrease in peak systolic, peak diastolic, mean flow velocities and increase in resistive and pulsatility indices of ophthalmic artery were observed. Blood velocity and resistance parameters of central retinal artery didn't change significantly. In conclusion, topically used apraclonidine was thought to change the blood velocity and resistance parameters of ophthalmic artery as a result of its local vasoconstrictory effect on the anterior segment branches of ophthalmic artery.

ISSN:1395-3907    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY