ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reviews aspects of the development of sequential analysis of clinical trial data in medicine and suggests simple strategies for progress. The emphasis is on the pragmatic and ethical requirements of aspects of the design of phase III trials and in circumstances of genuine uncertainty characterized by much clinical experimentation. In particular consideration is given to the consequences of determining sample sizes from incorrect estimates of treatment effects. Armitage's work on sequential trials is traced to simple group sequential procedures based on repeated significance tests to minimize expected sample sizes in a wide class of experimental situations.

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe notion that small, well planned clinical trials may not be worth undertaking is shown to arise from an overemphasis on just one way of interpretingP‐values. Alternative forms ofPand other interpretations are put forward. Attention is drawn to some aspects of the theory of hypothesis testing which seem less well known than they should b

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of estimating viral activity from pock counts that exhibit a substantial degree of overdispersion is revisited from the viewpoint of quasilikelihood with unknown parameters in the variance function. Score statistics are developed for tests and interval estimates of both mean and variance parameters. These yield somewhat different conclusions than do methods based exclusively on point estimates and standard errors, especially for the variance parameters. A Monte Carlo study confirms that, in the absence of strong prior information about the shape of the error distribution, inferences on variances are highly unstable in small to moderate samples.

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper expresses a personal view of experiments involving repeated measurements; it attempts to classify types of experiment and approaches to statistical analysis: no novel procedures are proposed, only a systematic outlook on objectives and methods.

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRandomized consent designs were introduced to make it easier for physicians to enter patients in randomized clinical trials. Physician reluctance to participate in randomized clinical trials is often a reflection that the physician‐patient relationship could be compromised if the physician makes known to the patient his/her inability to select a preferred therapy. Clinical trials having a no‐treatment control or placebo amplify this concern. This paper reviews the main ideas of randomized consent designs (single and double) and the statistical model underlying the analysis, and presents some recent experien

ISSN:0277-6715    

DOI:10.1002/sim.4780090611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY