摘要:

SUMMARYThe reflected‐light differential‐interference microscope is a simple optical instrument easy to use and adjust, which reveals surface contours in variations of light intensity or in colour with a clarity and sensitivity not previously achieved. It can reveal new structures or display familiar tissue and cellular architecture in new and refreshing aspects. This type of microscope can provide insights into surface characteristics in metallurgy, microelectronics, biology, etc. Understanding how the differential‐interference microscope works, how to control it and how to interpret the images produced, is essential to using the microscope fruit

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA contrast minimum is observed when 88 nm diameter polystyrene latex spheres are underfocused, which is related to the wide‐angle scattering peaks. Images due to scattered and non‐scattered wave components are displaced due to objective‐lens spherical aberration and defocus. Maximum overlap of these components produces a contrast minimum at underfocus, related to the spherical aberration of the particular lens used.Similarly, a high‐contrast band at carbon‐film edges arises from spherical aberration and defocus separation of non‐scattered and wide‐angle scattered waves. This band increases in contrast with film thickness and in width with lens defocus.These geometrical effects account for the well‐known ‘blinking’ of contrast of large biological objects upon swinging through focus without an objective aperture, and for the general contrast increase of defocused large objects. Fresnel fringes account for only a narrow band of enhanced contrast at distinct edges and cannot account for contrast enhancement of large objects lac

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe design of a simple and robust field‐ion microscope for making routine metallurgical investigations is presented. Particular attention is given to the choice of ancillary facilities such as the cooling and image‐intensifying systems. Examples of the applications of this microscope are gi

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn an attempt to explain the possible mechanism of negative staining a series of experiments are described in which the relative drying rates of two commonly used negative stains and two biological specimens were measured. Turnip yellow mosaic virus and phosphatidyl‐L‐serine were used to represent biological specimens and their dehydration rates were measured against potassium phosphotungstate or ammonium molybdate after tritiated water had been added to the solutions containing protein, lipid, negative stains or mixtures of both. From these experiments it was possible to demonstrate that the protein or lipid retains water for longer periods than the negative‐staining material. The results are in agreement with an earlier proposal that some negative stains set in a rigid ‘glass’ and thus preserve the biological structures before the latter are completely dehydrated either in air on the supporting films, or when finally dried in the vacuum of the electron m

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA fracture surface of rock (greywacke) was examined with the scanning electron microscope prior to, and after, surface etching for successively increasing time intervals in 2 m NaOH at 38°C (100°F). The same area of rock was successfully relocated in the microscope so that the effect of the alkali upon minerals and micro‐structure could be observed by direct comparison of micrographs. Layer‐structure silicates showed exfoli

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe use of a commercially available polyester resin is described for the production of whole‐mount preparations and as a mounting medium for histological sections. Any standard technique can be used which involves xylene as the clearing agent. It is considered that the slides produced are much stronger than those made with traditional mounting media and do not require long drying times before use. The method is particularly suitable for mounting thick specimens for teaching purpose

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe use of agar for supporting specimens in a desired orientation during processing for electron microscopy is described.The specimen is fixed in glutaraldehyde and orientated in liquid agar which is then allowed to set. The agar block is post‐fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Araldite. Ultrathin sections are easily obtained and tissue preservation is satisfactor

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-2720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY