摘要:

SUMMARY1. Plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (AD) concentrations and locomotor activity were measured in conscious normal and adrenalectomized guinea‐pigs before and after injection of a single dose of morphine (15 mg/kg) and following precipitation of withdrawal with naloxone 2 h later. Arterial blood samples were obtained via carotid catheters inserted 3 days before experiment. Normal guinea‐pigs given saline instead of morphine were used as controls.2. Increased locomotor activity occurred following naloxone injection in both intact and adrenalectomized morphine‐treated guinea‐pigs.3. Plasma AD concentration was significantly elevated only during the naloxone‐ precipitated withdrawal period, whereas plasma NA concentration was also elevated during the morphine treatment period. No significant changes occurred in saline‐treated guinea‐pigs given naloxone.4. In adrenalectomized guinea‐pigs AD did not reach detectable levels in the plasma at any time during the experiments, thus showing that the increased plasma AD level during morphine withdrawal in normal animals reflected adrenal medullary release.5. It was concluded that measurements of plasma AD concentration and locomotor activity in guinea‐pigs should be useful for the study of the interactions between behavioural and autonomic mechanisms involved in opiate dependence and withdrawal, since the effects of morphine and morphine withdrawal on the autonomic nervous system are clearly differen

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. α‐Glucosidase inhibitors delay carbohydrate absorption and have been proposed as adjunctive therapy for diabetes mellitus.2. To determine the effects of two new α‐glucosidase inhibitors, Bay‐m‐1099 and Bay‐o‐1248, on meal carbohydrate and lipid tolerance, plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels were measured at 15–60 min intervals over 12 h after ingestion of a standard breakfast, lunch and dinner of identical composition in 31 normal volunteers.3. The volunteers were randomized to receive either Bay‐m‐1099 (50 or 25 mg) or placebo prior to each meal, or the single administration of Bay‐o‐1248 (20 or 10 mg) or placebo prior to breakfast.4. Only Bay‐m‐1099 at the 50 mg dose reduced significantly the postprandial increase in plasma insulin levels after each meal when compared with placebo (25, 36, 54% at breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively;P<0.05). Both drugs were well tolerated, with side effects limited to complaints of flatulence.5. Thus, with the dosage schedule employed, Bay‐m‐1099, but not Bay‐o‐1248, significantly reduced postpr

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Angiotensin II was infused into the renal artery of unanaesthetized dogs at 0.4 and 2.0 ng/kg per min for 40 min each.2. Indomethacin (3 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg per h infusion i.v.) accentuated the angiotensin II‐induced falls in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and urine flow rate. Indomethacin did not alter the effects of angiotensin II on Na+or K+excretions.3. Aspirin (35 mg/kg p.o. 2.5 h and 0.5 h prior to experiment) did not significantly change the renal effects of angiotensin II.4. Both aspirin and indomethacin accentuated renal vasoconstriction during briefer (5 min) angiotensin II infusion.5. Thus indomethacin and aspirin had markedly different effects on the actions of angiotensin II in the kidney. This suggests that at least one of these drugs has actions which affect angiotensin II‐mediated vasoconstriction other than via cyclooxygenase inhibit

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The effects of five different non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on the renal blood now responses to arachidonate were compared.2. Arachidonate (5–200 μg/kg) injected into the renal arteries of conscious dogs caused dose‐related renal vasodilatation with no systemic effects.3. Aspirin (35 mg/kg), phenylbutazone (12 mg/kg) and ibuprofen (25 mg/kg) all markedly reduced arachidonate‐induced renal vasodilatation.4. In contrast, neither indomethacin (3 mg/kg) or its related drug sulindac sulphide (6 mg/kg) significantly reduced arachidonate‐induced renal vasodilatation.5. All NSAID abolished the hypotensive response to intravenous injection of arachidonate (10 mg).6. Thus, indomethacin and sulindac did not block the effects of renal artery injections of arachidonate but did abolish the systemic effects. Aspirin, phenylbutazone and ibuprofen greatly reduced responses to both renal artery and intravenous arachidonate.7. Indomethacin and aspirin both reduced the production of prostaglandin E2and 6‐keto‐PGF1αby dog renal cortical microsomesin vitro.8. Thus, indomethacin and sulindac had different effects to other NSAID on arachidonate‐induced renal vasodilatation. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that some sites of prostaglandin production in the kidneys of conscious dogs may be relatively resistant to inhibition by indome

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01886.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The role of circulating bradykinin in blood pressure regulation was studied in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats utilizing the competitive antagonist of bradykinin B4162.2. This antagonist was administered at a bolus dose (400 μg i.v.) known to block the hypotensive effect of exogenous bradykinin for at least 2 min. The rats were maintained for 10 days either on a low or a high sodium intake.3. The antagonist of bradykinin significantly increased blood pressure only in salt‐ depleted rats. In other rats kept on a low or a high sodium intake, dose‐response curves to exogenous bradykinin were established. Dietary sodium had no influence on the blood pressure‐lowering effect of bradykinin.4. These data therefore suggest that circulating bradykinin may be involved in the blood pressure control of spontaneously hypertensive rats when the renin‐angiotensin system is stimulated by salt d

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. In normal subjects, 18–49 years old, the effects of the smoking habit (>10 cigarettes/day) and the act of smoking two cigarettes over 10 min were studied on whole blood platelet aggregation (in vitroimpedance method).2. Acute smoking (n= 10) did not affect platelet aggregation to ADP, collagen or to platelet activating factor (PAF) nor thromboxane B2production during aggregation. There was no difference between smokers (n= 13) and non‐smokers (n= 10). However, aggregation to all aggregants was greater in females (n= 11) than males (n= 12) (ADP and collagen,P<0.001; PAF,P<0.01; ANOVA).3. Although others have obtained diverse results studying platelet‐rich plasma, the absence of an effect of cigarette smoking on whole blood platelet aggregation is consistent with many of those observations. Greaterin vitroaggregability in females than males is consistent with the few studies of platelet‐rich plasma. It seems unlikely that the role of cigarette smoking as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease is related to a direct effect on platelet aggreg

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. To investigate a role for peptides derived from the precursor molecule pro‐ opiomelanocortin (POMC) on the control of aldosterone secretion (ASR), α‐, β‐, γ1, and γ2‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotropin‐like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP) or β‐endorphin were infused into the adrenal arterial supply of sheep with an adrenal cervical autotransplant.2. None of the peptides had any significant effect on aldosterone secretion rate in Na replete, unstressed, conscious animals. In contrast, ACTH‐stimulated ASR approximately twofold.3. POMC‐derived peptides other than ACTH appear to have little or no effect on the short‐term control of aldosterone secretionin vivo, although a role in control and modulation of adrenal function over the longer ter

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01890.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:An Introduction to Pharmacokinetics, 2nd edn. By Bruce Clark and Dennis A. SmithBiology of the Adipocyte.Edited by G.J. Hausman and R. MartinReview of Chemoreceptors in Respiratory Control.Edited by J.A. Ribeiro and D.J. Pallet

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY