ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Echocardiographic haemodynamic and left ventricular parameters were determined in twenty‐one normotensives and thirty‐six hypertensives during the last trimester of pregnancy.2. Equivalent blood pressure control was obtained in hypertensives with bed rest only, oxprenolol or methyldopa, but remained above normotensive levels.3. Cardiac output was elevated in the last trimester of pregnancy in normotensives and hypertensives.4. Left ventricular mass was increased in normal pregnancy, but displayed an exaggerated increase in hypertensives.5. Total peripheral resistance was inappropriately elevated in hypertensive pregnancy, but was normalized in the oxprenolol‐treated group.6. There was no reduction in heart rate or cardiac output in theβ‐adrenoreceptor blocker‐treated group. This feature, in combination with lowered peripheral resistance, may contribute to the improvement in foetal outcome observed in maternal hypertension of pregnancy treated with

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The haemodynamic effects of short‐term prostacyclin infusions (0.05‐0 50 /μg/kg per min) were investigated in conscious adult sheep.2. Haemodynamic dose‐response curves to prostacyclin were performed before, during and after production of ACTH‐induced hypertension.3. Prior to ACTH administration prostacyclin produced dose‐dependent reductions in mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance and stroke volume and these were accompanied by increases in heart rate and cardiac output.4. After 5 days of ACTH‐induced hypertension prostacyclin produced similar effects on mean arterial pressure to those seen prior to ACTH but the effects on heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and total peripheral resistance were markedly increased.5. These studies demonstrate that the responsiveness of the circulation to prostacyclin is altered in ACTH‐induce

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. A double‐blind crossover trial comparing the antihypertensive effect of tienilic acid and hydrochlorothiazide was conducted in thirty‐eight patients with mild to moderate hypertension.2. Tienilic acid was shown to be as effective as hydrochlorothiazide in controlling blood pressure.3. Tienilic acid significantly lowered serum uric acid levels compared with both placebo and hydrochlorothiazide.4. Tienilic acid was generally well tolerated but one patient developed acute renal failure due to acute allergic interstitial nephritis whilst taking the d

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Ten patients with mild essential hypertension and nine with severe treatment‐resistant hypertension were treated with captopril.2. Supine blood pressure was controlled in 9/10 patients with mild hypertension (four with addition of propranolol).3. There was no correlation between blood pressure fall and initial plasma renin concentration in patients with mild hypertension.4. Captopril (plus diuretic and/or propranolol) controlled only 4/9 patients with severe hypertension.5. Four patients developed reversible dysgeusia and one a skin ras

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. A rat bioassay was used to study pressor substances in brain extracts.2. A compound with pressor activity in pentolinium‐treated rats was extracted from brain, purified using Dowex, Sephadex electrophoresis and identified as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) by HPLC and mass spectrometry.3. Intravenous GABA (1‐5 μg) or brain extracts caused a dose dependent decrease in blood pressure in pentobarbitone‐anaesthetized rats.4. After ganglion blockade with pentolinium (2 mg/kg subcutaneously), GABA or brain extracts cause a dose dependent increase in rat blood pressure.5. This pressor effect is reduced by α‐ and β‐blockers (intravenous phentol‐amine, 0‐5 mg/kg and propranolol, 005 mg/kg).6. It is concluded that GABA causes a fall in blood pressure by a central mechanism and ganglion blockade unmas

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The acute effects of captopril on blood pressure, renin, angiotensin, bra‐dykinin and catecholamines were examined in patients with essential (n= 10, Group 1), accelerated (n=6, Group 2) and renal hypertension (n= 14, Group 3).2. Blood pressure showed little change in Group 1, fell significantly in Group 2, with a marked fall in Group 3. Heart rate did not change.3. The fall in blood pressure was positively correlated with pretreatment renin and angiotensin II.4. Angiotensin II fell, with reciprocal increases in renin and angiotensin I. No changes occurred in bradykinin or catecholamines.5. The rise in renin after captopril was greatest in renovascular hypertension which may prove useful as a screening test for such patient

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. In rats treated continuously with captopril (80 μg/h, i.p.), for 2 days, blood pressure decreased and adrenal angiotensin II receptor concentration was decreased from 160 fmol/mg protein (s.e.m.=9) in controls to 131 fmol/mg protein (s.e.m. = 7,P005).2. Vascular reactivity, defined as the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin II, increased concurrently by 166 and 33% respectively.3. In anaesthetized dogs (n= 8), captopril (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a fall in blood pressure, and urine bradykinin excretion increased from 1 08 (s.e.m.=0 14) to 1 64 μg/h (s.e.m.=0 33,P<0 025) at 15 min. Renal blood flow increased significantly (P<0 01) with no change in glomerular filtration rate, and there was no change in either renal venous or arterial blood bradykinin levels.4. Thus, converting enzyme inhibition produces transient secondary changes in angiotensin receptors and vascular reactivity. Increased urine bradykinin probably reflects decreased catabolism of intrarenal bradykinin. The hypotensive effect of captopril may be due in part to raised levels of bradykinin in the kidne

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. We have examined the question asked in the title by studying: the carotid baroreceptor reflex in man with a variable‐pressure neck chamber; the carotid baroreceptor reflex in conscious rabbits with a variable‐pressure capsule around the carotid bifurcation; and the baroreceptor‐heart rate reflex.2. At rest, the association between the sensitivities of the carotid barorecep‐tor‐blood pressure and ‐heart rate reflexes, and of these with the baroreceptor‐heart rate reflex, is weak. Exercise causes dissociation between control of blood pressure and heart rate. In hypertension, depression of the baroreceptor‐heart rate reflex does not reflect the altered characteristics of the carotid sinus‐bloo

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Strips of digital arteries obtained post‐mortem from thirteen hypertensives have been compared with those from thirteen normotensives.2. The strips from hypertensives and from males had a significantly greater response to 80 mmol/1 KCl, but this was due to the increased cross‐sectional areas of the strips from hypertensives and from males.3. The maximum responses to noradrenaline and serotonin, but not the pED50values, were significantly smaller in the strips from the hypertensives than in those from the normotensives, but there were no differences between the strips from hypertensives and normotensives in either the maximum response or pED50values to angiotensin or barium chloride.4. It is concluded that these results suggest a decreased number of α‐receptors are present in human hypertensive vascular smooth muscle and this is a sequel either of the increased pressure itself, or of increased exposurein vivoof the blood vessels from hypertensives to noradre

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY