摘要:

SUMMARY1. The cholinomimetic substances acetylcholine, nicotine, tetramethylammonium chloride and carbachol were infused intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) into conscious, normotensive cats and their effects on behaviour, blood pressure and heart rate recorded.2. Intracerebroventricular acetylcholine, nicotine and tetramethylammonium chloride each produced small, mainly stimulant, effects on the cardiovascular system which were not accompanied by any marked behavioural effects.3. Intracerebroventricular carbachol at a dose of 30 μg produced marked and persistent cardiovascular stimulant effects accompanied by a striking rage/fear reaction. When the dose of carbachol was reduced to 7.5 μg the behavioural effects were no longer seen but marked cardiovascular stimulant effects remained.4. The cardiovascular stimulant effects of i.c.v. carbachol were apparently mediated via the peripheral sympathetic system since they were abolished by peripheral adrenergic neurone blockade.5. The blood pressure and heart rate increases produced by i.c.v. carbachol were blocked by prior i.c.v. treatment with atropine, hexamethonium, guanethidine, bethanidine or propranolol.6. The data are consistent with an interaction between central cholinergic and catecholaminergic neural pathways involved in central regulation of blood pressure and further suggest the involvement of β‐adrenoreceptors in the responses to centrally‐administered cholinomi

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Bradykinin (0.02–5 μg) applied to the epicardium of the left ventricle in the open‐chest, anaesthetized dog, elicits dose‐related reflex pressor effects and acceleration of the heart rate.2. Bradykinin‐induced reflex tachycardia was suppressed after the blockade of β‐adrenoceptors with propranolol, whereas reflex pressor responses were prevented by blocking the α‐adrenoceptor sites with phenoxybenzamine.3. Vagotomy and atropine treatment did not affect reflex hypertension and tachycardia to epicardial bradykinin.4. After spinal section at C1, the pressor responses to epicardial bradykinin were significantly reduced, but still present in all but one experiment. A small acceleration of the heart occurred in two out of five spinal dogs with intact vagi and was absent in three vagotomized spinal dogs.5. The results indicate the reflex activation of the sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels, mediated mainly at a supraspinal level as a predominant mechanism for the cardiovascular response initiated by bradykinin‐induced stimulation of cardia

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The pharmacological properties of synthetic substance P have been studied on the guinea‐pig ileum and compared with those of acetylcholine and other agonists.2. The effects of synthetic substance P in the presence of atropine, hexamethonium, mepyramine and certain of the drugs which antagonize serotonin are in close agreement with those reported for the naturally occurring peptide.3. The spasmogenic action of substance P is not mediated by cholinergic mechanisms or release of prostaglandins, and does not appear to involve release of serotonin. The inability of tetrodotoxin to attenuate responses to substance P suggests that its spasmogenic action is not elicited through neural mechanisms. Thus, it is likely that substance P acts directly on the smooth muscle of the ileum.4. Since substance P is present in the brain and can depolarize neurones, it may be a neurotransmitter. A screening of various centrally acting drugs, whose mechanisms of action are unclear, was undertaken to seek possible interactions with substance P. Pimozide was the most potent in depressing responses to substance P but none of the drugs caused the specific antagonism which would assist in elucidating a possible physiological role for substance

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. Immunological abnormalities associated with experimental toxic liver injury.2. Disturbed cell‐mediated immunity in liver disease: cause or effect?3. Serum fenitin in idiopathic haemochromatosis: changes during venesection therapy.4. Structure and concentration of duodenal ferritin in iron storage disorders.5. [14C]‐oxalate synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.6. Major importance of a novel non‐alcohol dehydrogenase pathway for hepatic metabolism of ethanol at high concentration.7. Evaluation of a totally synthetic medium for isolated guinea‐pig liver perfusion.8. Steroid with hypertensive properties?9. Steroid classification and radioreceptor assay.10. DNA synthesis and cyclic AMP in the rat pituitary glandin vivoandin vitro.11. Distribution of oxytocin, vasopressin and neurophysin in the porcine neurohypophyseal system.12. Radioimmunoassay of plasma vasopressin.13. Specific radioimmunoassays for prednisolone.14. The handling of immunoreceptive insulin by the myocardium.15. Modulation of the plasma cyclic AMP response to glucagon in man and in the rabbit.16. Size and density analysis of normal and leukaemic colony forming cells.17. [3H]‐Ouabain binding sites on normal and leukaemic lymphocytes.18. Paradoxical DNA synthesis. A newly observed effect of S‐phase specific cytoxics.19. Survival of haemopoietic cells in cadavers.20. Studies on the functional heterogeneity of murine haemopoietic stem cells.21. Immunological abnormalities in experimental marrow failure.22. Red cell autoradiography in HPRT deficiency.23. The origin of species.24. Physiological barriers in speciation.25. The brain in mammalian ovulation.26. Comparative ultrastructure and histochemistry of vertebrate gastric mucosa.27. Differentiation of the mucoid cells in developing gastric antrum.28. Effect of steroids on rabbit mandibular saliva.29. Action of gastrointestinal hormones on sodium transport across salivary duct epithelium.30. Demonstration of gastrin binding sites in the rat stomach.31. Humoral regulation of vitamin B12absorption by pregnant rat small intestine.32. The interaction of liver and kidney in vitamin B12homeostasis in the rat.33. Vitamin B12metabolism: sex differences.34. Age‐associated changes in tumourigenic cells from a murine fibrosarcoma.35. Functional studies on fractionated tumour cells.36. Immunofluorescent tracing of contractile proteins in cancer cells.37. Tumour‐associated isoferritins in human malignancies.38. Cytotoxicity and proliferative responses of blood and bone marrow against autologous blasts in acute myeloid leukaemia.39. Application of banding techniques to the chromosomes of genotypically abnormal patients.40. Preparation of125I‐labelled gentamicin and tobramycin for radioimmunoassay.41. Molecular mechanisms of phenacetin and paracetamol nephrotoxicity.42. Acetylation of renal cortical and medullary proteins by aspirin.43. Genetic and environmental factors influencing drug metabolism.44. Interaction between liver disease and chronic drug ingestion on hepatic drug metabolism.45. Preliminary observations on the effect of various drugs on plasma melatonin in humans.46. Oral disopyramide in the management of cardiac arrhythmias.47. Electrophysiology of disopyramide in man.48. Increased protein synthesis during right ventricular hypertrophy following pulmonary stenosis in the dog.49. The bronchial effects of two beta blocking drugs‐metoprolol and propranolol.50.In vitrostudies of guinea‐pig tracheal smooth muscle as a model for asthma.51. The central hypotensive action of clonidine in man: a study in tetraplegic subjects with chronic cervical spinal cord transection.52. Bronchial reactivity to methacholine after influenza vaccination.53. The effect of selected lectins on human platelets fixed in formalin and their possible role in the identification of the defect in Glanzmann's disease (GD).54. Enhancement of platelet aggregation and clot retraction by low concentrations of cytochalasin B.55. Essential role of thrombin in platelet‐collagen interaction.56. Halofenate—a tool for evaluating the role of platelet lipids in platelet function.57. Partial structure and radioimmunoassay of human platelet factor 4.58. The purification of factor XI and its role in the coagulant activity of platelets.59. Anomalous correction of factor VIII deficiency by ‘activated’ prothrombin concentrates.60. Measurement of intrarenal angiotension II.61. Effect of haemorrhage on release of renin from superficial and deep juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA).62. Reflex control of renin release in hypertensive subjects.63. A dosedependent effect of angiotensin II on sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubular epithelium of the rat.64. The role of dopamine in the enhanced renal sensitivity to aldosterone (ALDO) seen in rats on a high potassium (high K+) diet.65. Hypertensinogenic steroids in sheep.66. Adrenalectomy and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) action.67. Blood pressure (BP), plasma volume (PV) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in normal and hypertensive pregnancy and the effect of treatment.68. Antibodydependent, cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in renal transplantation.69. Comparison of the efficacy of various lymphoid cell populations in restoring cardiac allograft rejection to irradiated rats, B.70. Renal viability assays: use of enzyme leakage and uptake ofp‐aminohippuric acid.71. Specific suppression of the immune response by T lymphocytes.72. Immunosuppression following bereavement.73. The influence of adenosine and inhibition of adenosine deaminase on the transformation of human lymphocytes.74. Diagnostic evaluation of three tests for rheumatoid factors and the differential effect of penicillamine therapy.75. Further characterization of anti‐muscle autoantibodies.76. Volume and composition of cells exposedin vitroto a high osmolality.77. Urine inhibitors to calcium oxalate precipitation.78. Partial deficiency of APRT.79. Serum ferritin as an index of iron stores in chronic renal failure.80. Urea turnover in the assessment of protein metabolism.81. The transport of triglyceride in rabbit high density lipoproteins.82.In vitrointeractions of phenformin with serum lipoproteins.83. Health screening in a ‘normal’ population.84. Pollen grains and allergy.85. Murray Valley encepha

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY