ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Sodium detection threshold and preference for sodium chloride was examined in human volunteers on 2 week periods of high and low salt diets.2. There was no significant difference in salivary electrolytes or sodium detection threshold between the high and low salt diet periods.3. Sodium preference, defined as the final sodium concentration of unsalted tomato juice following thead libitumaddition of NaCl, was significantly less on the low salt diet when compared to the high salt period.4. These results suggest that short periods of dietary salt modification can result in marked shifts in preference for NaCl in the absence of changes in the physiological parameters measured.

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Acute glucocurticoid (corticosterone) hypertension in the rat is significantly attenuated by neomycin administration (Honour 1981), as is ACTH‐induced hypertension is the same species (Honour&Kent 1981) presumably by altering gut bacterial steroid metabolism.2. The effect on blood pressure of oral neomycin administration was therefore examined in hypertension resulting from administration of a variety of glucocorticoid hormones.3. Neomycin significantly attenuated the elevation of blood pressure following ACTH or corticosterone, as previously shown, or prednisolone 1 mg/day; it did not affect blood pressure in rats given dexamethasone 0.2 mg/day, or cortisol 4 mg twice daily.4. Since the differential effect of neomycin on hypertension parallels neither pressor nor glucocorticoid activity of the administered steroids we propose that it reflects different patterns of enterohepatic handling and metabolis

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The effects of serotonin and the selective serotonin‐2 receptor antagonist ketanserin have been investigated on sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses in rat isolated perfused/superfused proximal tail artery segments.2. Serotonin (6 nmol/l) markedly enhanced responses to low frequency, short duration electrical stimulation (0.1 ms pulses at 1 Hz for 10 s).3. Serotonin (6 nmol/1) had a very slight (<10 mmHg) direct vasconstrictor effect.4. Both the enhancing effect of serotonin on responses to electrical stimulation and the slight direct vasoconstrictor effect were blocked by ketanserin (3 nmol/l).5. Ketanserin (3 nmol/l) had no significant effect on resting tone or on responses to electrical stimulation.6. It is concluded that serotonin enhances sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses in rat tail artery by activation of postjunctional serotonin‐2 receptors. Blockade of this effect by ketanserin is entirely consistent with its antihypertensive effectin v

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Blood pressure variation over 24 h was studied in twelve subjects with suspected or established autonomic failure using ambulatory intra‐arterial monitoring.2. Three subjects who had been previously diagnosed as having orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure were found to have normal circulatory reflexes.3. A generally consistent circadian variation of blood pressure was seen in the other nine subjects, pressure rising gradually from its lowest point early in the morning to a peak during the early part of the night; this pattern was also found during bed rest in four subjects.4. Supine hypertension (an hourly mean blood presure of>170/90 mmHg) not suspected from sphygmomanometric readings was observed in four subjects, generally during the night.5. Heart rate variability was reduced in six subjects while short‐term blood pressure variability was markedly increa

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. This study evaluates the perinatal outcome of infants born to ninety‐five mothers with hypertension in pregnancy whose blood pressure was treated in a double blind trial comparing clonidine hydrochloride (C) and α‐methyldopa (A).2. There were no fetal deaths and two neonatal deaths, giving a perinatal mortality of 2%. There was no significant difference between Groups C and A with regard to the gestation or weight at birth, incidence of intrauterine growth retardation, or condition at birth as judged by Apgar scores and acid‐base status. No infant in either group developed significant hypotension or rebound hypertension. The blood pressure was not significantly different between Groups C and A, and controls. In each of these three groups there was a similar significant rise in systolic blood pressure wi

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The acute and chronic effects of enalapril (MK421) were assessed in a double‐blind randomized trial in subjects with essential hypertension.2. In acute studies, twelve subjects received enalapril (10 mg p.o.), following which there was a fall in blood pressure, maximal at 6 h and lasting for 24 h. Serum MK422 (enalaprilic acid, the bioactive form of enalapril) and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition had a similar time course with good correlation between drug levels and ACE inhibition (P<0.001,r= 0.98,n= 16) and between ACE inhibition and the hypotensive effect (P<0.001,r= 0.84,n= 16).3. In chronic studies enalapril was titrated from 5 mg to 20 mg twice a day in eleven hypertensive patients to achieve a diastolic blood pressure<90 mmHg. Treatment continued for 3–12 months. Increasing serum MK422 was correlated with reducing serum ACE activity (P<0.001,r= 0.45,n= 104). The fall in blood pressure correlated both with serum MK422 level (P<0.05,r= 0.37,n= 39) as well as ACE inhibition (P<0.01,r= 0.45,n= 42).4. The drug level:ACE inhibition curve was shifted to the right during chronic enalapril treatment. ID50for serum ACE was 32 ng MK422/ml following the single 10 mg dose of MK421 and 70 ng MK422/ml during chronic treatment. Blood pressure falls during acute and chronic treatment were similar over the range of serum MK422 levels achieved.5. The shift in the drug level:ACE inhibition curve suggests induction of ACE during chronic treatment with enalapril in

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The time of onset and dose threshold for ACTH induced hypertension was examined in conscious sheep.2. ACTH 1 μg/kg per day significantly raised blood pressure. The maximum rise occurred at 2 μg/kg per day.3. The rise in pressure was significant after 8 h of ACTH infusio

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Infusion of synthetic ovine CRF (10 or 100 μg/h) into the lateral cerebral ventricle for 24 h increased mean arterial blood pressure of conscious sheep.2. CRF infusion also increased urine output and sodium excretion.3. Intravenous infusion of CRF (100 μg/h) or intraventricular infusion of artificial CSF had no effect on blood pressure.4. Intraventricular infusion of ACTH (1–24) at 0.5 μg/kg per day, a rate of infusion which has no systemic effect on blood pressure, also raised mean arterial pressure.5. These studies suggest that two peptides involved in the physiological response to ‘stress’ may influence blood pressure by mechanisms which do not involve stimulation of adrenocortical steroid pr

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The amino acid sequence of human renin was identified for the first time. This was determined from the nucleotide sequence of exons in the human renin gene identified in a genomic library by recombinant DNA techniques.2. Examination of amino acid residues involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis by human renin of the unique Leu10‐Val11bond of human angiotensinogen revealed features peculiar to this highly specialized aspartyl protease.3. The expression of the renin gene was examined with a hybridization probe for renin mRNA in sections and extracts of tissues. In the submandibular gland of mice renin mRNA, like renin, increased during development and in response to testosterone in females; sodium depletion increased renin mRNA in kidne

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY