摘要:

SUMMARY1. The effects of δ‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) have been examined on the blood pressure of anaesthetized rats and pithed rats and on the perfusion pressure in isolated preparations of the rabbit ear artery.2. ALA has a hypotensive effect in both anaesthetized and pithed rats.3. In anaesthetized rats, the hypotensive response was produced with either continuous infusion or single injections of ALA, and was not blocked by hexamethonium, propanolol, phentolamine, atropine or mepyramine.4. In the pithed rat, ALA had no effect on the pressor response to nicotine.5. The hypotensive response to ALA could be counteracted by the pressor effect of adrenaline or noradrenaline. In pithed rats, the pressor response of vasopressin was reduced by ALA.6. Vasoconstrictor response of the isolated perfused rabbit ear artery to noradrenaline and sympathetic nerve stimulation were usually not affected by ALA, but in a few experiments they were increased. ALA produced an increase in perfusion pressure in a few experiments.7. Since ALA appears to cause an increase in capillary permeability, it is probable that the hypotensive effect is associated with capillary dilatati

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb01844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The effects of hypercapnic acidosis on coronary conductance, the coronary dilator effect of adenosine administered into the coronary artery and the reactive hyperaemic response after short and long periods of coronary artery occlusion were investigated in thoracotomized dogs.2. The coronary conductance was positively correlated to the arterialPCO2and negatively correlated to the arterial pH.3. During control periods the reactive hyperaemic response increased with increasing duration of coronary artery occlusion, whereas the percentage repayment of the deficit remained unchanged.4. The reactive hyperaemic response after short periods of coronary artery occlusion (up to ten beats) was diminished during hypercapnic acidosis. This decrease may be explained on the basis of an increased tissuePO2or a decreased relative change in tissue pH.5. The dilator effect of adenosine administered into the coronary artery was enhanced during hypercapnic acidosis.6. The reactive hyperaemic response after long periods of coronary artery occlusion (above fifteen to twenty beats) was also enhanced during hypercapnic acidosis, and may be a result of myocardial adenosine formation during coronary artery occlusion.7. The findings indicate that coronary blood flow after coronary artery occlusions may be primarily regulated by local pH changes in the coronary vessel cells. Additional dilatation after longer coronary artery occlusion may result from the release of adenosine by the hypoxic myocardium.

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb01845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The pathology of mammalian skeletal muscle following a single subcutaneous injection of a purified toxin from the venom of the Australian tiger snake,Notechis scutatus scutatus, has been investigated.2. The toxin was injected into the antero‐lateral aspect of one hind limb of rats and the effects of the injection on the histology, histo‐chemistry and physiology of the extensor digitorum longus muscles were studied.3. The muscles underwent degenerative necrosis, with oedema and the infiltration of lymphocytes, polymorphs and macrophages within 12–24 h after the injection.4. Three days after injection, the oedema had subsided and the necrotic fibres had been completely destroyed by phagocytes. Small uninucleate cells, with basophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei were present at this stage; on the basis of these criteria they were identified as regenerating myoblasts.5. By 5 days the myoblasts had fused to form myotubes, but differentiation of the myotubes into histochemically distinct muscle fibre types did not commence until around 7 days after the injection.6. Regeneration and differentiation was virtually complete by 21 days after injection.7. Between 3 and 5 days, many of the fibres were sensitive to acetylcholine, and muscle fibre action potentials were resistant to tetrodotoxin. Miniature end‐plate potentials were of low amplitude and frequency; they may have been absent from many fibres.8. By 7–10 days, the proportion of fibres with tetrodotoxin‐resistant action potentials was declining, and acetylcholine sensitivity was less marked; miniature end‐plate potentials, though of normal amplitude, were of reduced frequency. The fibres were virtually normal by 14–21 days.9. It is considered likely that these physiological properties were recorded from regenerating muscle fibres that reached maturity by 28 days; the possibility that they were recorded from functionally denervated fibres is discussed.10. The rapid rate of regeneration and differentiation of the toxin‐damaged muscle was sustained only if the peripheral nerve supply was left intact.11. Preliminary results suggested that mitochondria‐rich fibres were preferentially damaged by the toxin, and that the toxin is less activein vitrothanin vivo.These problems are currently being investigated.12. It is concluded that the toxin has a direct myotoxic effect on muscles; the relationship of this effect to the previously described neurotoxic effect is also currently

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb01846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Metoclopramide hydrochloride (Maxolon) a potent intestinal clearing agent and powerful anti‐emetic, was utilized to promote gastric clearance of kerosene from baboons, experimentally poisoned.2. When compared to a control group, treated baboons have significantly decreased amounts of kerosene in the stomach 2 h after treatment, ‘full’ stomach/body weight ratios confirming this.3. The study suggests that metoclopramide, by its gastric clearing and anti‐emetic action, may reduce the risk of vomiting, and thus of aspiration pneumonia, in kerosene po

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb01847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

8th Annual Meeting, 27–29November, 1974,Sydney1. Effect of alprenolol on work tolerance in hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. B. Lake2. Motor skill performance measures in drug and drug‐alcohol interaction research. A. A. Landauer, D. A. Pocock and F. W. Prott G. Singer3. NAB‐365—is it a selective β2‐adrenoreceptor agonist?Stella R. O'Donnell4. The effect of phenoxybenzamine on the diffusion of exogenous noradrenaline into the lumen of the rabbit ear artery. D. A. S. Parker and I. S. de la Lande5. Actions of levodopa on the cat soleus muscle. M. W. Nott6. The effect of a chromatographically pure sample of adenosine tetraphosphate on blood platelets. Fylia Penglis7. The role of the liver in the clearance of levodopa.G. Graham, P. T. Mearrick and D. N. Wade8. The clearance of levodopa from plasma. P. T. Mearrick, G. G. Graham, D. N. Wade and J. L. Morris9. Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of benorylate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.G. D. Champion, R. O. Day, P. D. Paull, G. G. Graham, M. S. Owen and A. L. Haski10. The effect of disodium cromoglycate on human psychomotor performance, alone and in combination with ethanol. H. M. Franks, G. A. Starmer, W. J. Hensley, W. A. Crawford, V. R. Hensley and R. Teo11. The interaction of ethanol and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in man. Effects on psychomotor skills. G. B. Chesher, H. M. Franks, G. A. Starmer, D. M. Jackson, W. J. Hensley, V. R. Hensley and R. Teo12. Effect of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol on body temperature and brain monoamines in the rat.D. A. Taylor and M. R. Fennessy13. The effect of xylitol on the metabolic equilibrium and energy status in normal rabbit liver. J. Bostrom, J. E. Ray, D. N. Wade and K. G. Rienits14. Separation of high and low Ca++affinity (Mg+++ Ca++)‐ATPases in human erythrocytes and their relationship to active Ca transport. B. D. Roufogalis and E. E. Quist D. N. Wade15. Effect of clonidine on self‐stimulation behaviour of rats with electrodes within the medial forebrain bundle of the lateral‐hypothalamus.G. E. Hunt, G. B. Chesher* and D. M. Atrens16. The effect of methylhyoscine on intracranial self‐stimulation in rats.F. Becker, D. M. Atrensd̊ and G. B. Chesher17. Is isometric exercise useful for testing anti‐anginal drugs?G. Nyberg18. The inhibitory effects of anti‐inflammatory drugs on the degradation of hyaluronate by rheumatoid synovial fluid polysaccharidases.R. W. Stephens, P. Ghosh and T. K. F. Taylor L. B. Cobbin19. Effect of equi‐antihypertensive doses of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide on serum electrolytes, uric acid and glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients. Hendrika J. Waal‐Manning20. Individual titration of intravenous diazoxide therapy in patients with severe hypertension.L. B. Jellett, M. S. Dye, A. M. Michelakis and J. A. Oates21. The relationship of plasma levels of pindolol to effects on blood pressure, plasma renin and catecholamines in hypertensive patients.S. N. Anavekar, W. J. Louis, T. O. Morgan, A. E. Doyle and C. I. Johnston22. Metabolism of methylphenobarbitone in man.F. Bochner, W. D. Hooper, G. A. Smith, M. J. Eadie and J. H. Tyrer23. The blocking action of propranolol on responses of isolated vas deferens to electrical stimulation. I. E. Hughes and Barbara Kneen L. B. Jellett24. The effects of 3‐hydrazino‐6‐[N,N‐bis (2‐hydroxyethyl) amino]‐pyridazine dihydrochloride (L6150) on the general and coronary haemodynamics and metabolism of the intact animal.G. M. Maxwell25. The effects of some α‐ and β‐adrenoceptor agonists in the cat.R. E. Dunstan, R. A. Buistd̊, L. B. Cobbin, D. M. Temple and L. R. Williams26. Histamine sensitivity of cat lungin vitro: a difference in relaxing efficacy between isoprenaline and aminophylline.H. W. Mitchell and M. P. Sparrow27. The absorption and elimination of carbamazepine in man.W. D. Hooper, L. M. Cotter, M. J. Eadie&J. H. Tyrer28. Effects of the angiotensin antagonist P113 in chronic experimental renal hypertension.P. J. Fletcher, J. A. Angus, J. R. Oliver and P. I. Korner29. Cardiovascular toxicity of tricyclic antidepressant drugs.Prasan Dhumma‐Upakorn and L. B. Cobbin30. Intestinal conjugation of isoetharine.R. H. Briant L. B. Cobbin31. Comparison of the effects of (—)‐isoprenaline, orciprenaline, terbutaline and Me506 on cat soleus muscle contractility, heart rate, and airways resistance.E. Malta and K. Bohmer32. Some β‐receptor‐mediated actions of Sm220C1 in the cat and guinea‐pig.K. Bohmer and C. Raper33. Catecholamine‐metabolizing enzymes in human adrenal glands and phaeochromocytomas.B. Jarrott, L. Tomlinson and W. J. Louis34. Locomotor activity after different doses of dexamphetamine in rats pretreated with 6‐hydroxydopamine.R. Laverty and Min‐Chu Liew35. Decrease in isoprenaline‐induced formation of cyclic adenylic acid in heart after prolonged exposure to salbutamol or isoprenaline.S. V. Hopkins36. Effects of levodopa metabolites at a dopamine receptor: a pharmacological basis for the ‘on‐off’ effect in Parkinson's disease.D. F. H. Dougan, D. N. Wade and P. T. Mearrick37. The effects of chlorphentermine on drug metabolism in rat lung and liver.K. F. Ilett L. B. Jellett38. The effects of neurotransmitters and nerve stimulation upon contractility of the guinea‐pig ovaryin vitro.J. N. Pennefather39. Renal hypertension and β‐adrenoceptor blockade in rats.D. R. Lee40. α‐Adrenoreceptor blocking activity of tricyclic antidepressant compounds. A. B. Glover, M. W. McCulloch and D. F. Story41. An investigation of the antimuscarinic effect of gallamine in isolated guinea‐pig atria.A. L. Clark and F. Mitchelson42. Interaction of pimozide with prejunctional dopamine receptors in the rabbit ear artery.M. J. Rand, W. Hope, M. W. McCulloch and D. F. Story43. Chemical basis of schedule‐induced polydipsia.G. Singer and M. J. Wayner44. Testing of β‐adrenoceptor antagonists in angina pectoris.G. Nyberg45. Behavioural effects of parachlorophenylalanine—an inhibitor of 5‐hydroxytryptamine synthesis.A. E. McQueen, W. J. Louis and G. Singer46. Interaction between lithocholic acid and erythromycin estolate/stearate producing hepatotoxicity in rabbits.B. G. Priestly and R. Drew47. Hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in rabbits treated with lithocholic acid and erythromycin estolate/stearate. R. Drew and B. G. Priestly48. Bioavailability of enteric coated aspirin.P. D. Paull, R. O. Day, G. G. Graham and G. D. Champion49. Behavioural effects of prenatal exposure to imipramine in the rat.I. R. Coyle50. A critical evaluation of drug interactions in man: the effect of tricyclic antidepressants on dicoumarol elimination.S. M. Pond, G. G. Graham and D. N. Wade51. A study of blood lead levels in the Sydney metropolitan area.S. J. Mencel and R. H. Thorp52. An experimental model in the pig for the study of liver drug metabolism.Margaret Rose and J. M. Ham53. Pharmacokinetics of prazosin, a new antihypertensive compound.Ian S. Collins and Pat Pek54. Pharmacokinetics of prazosin in man.A. J. Wood55. A double blind factorial trial of pindolol and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension.A. Bune, J. P. Chalmers, P. I. Korner, J. Steiner, D. J. Tiller, J. B. Uther, M. West and L. M. Wing56. Modification of adrenergic mechanisms in the isolated rabbit ear artery by reduction of pH.R. L. Leslie, G. J. Dusting and M. J. Rand57. Independence of gastrin and histamine receptors in the lower oesophageal sphincter of the monkey and possum.D. J. de Carle and W. E. Glover58. Interactions between prostaglandins and anti‐inflammatory drugs on respiratory tissue.Diana M. Temple, Heather J. McIntyre and I. D. Smith59. The characterization of two specific drug binding sites on human serum albumin. D. N. Wade, G. Sudlow and D. J. Birkett60. Tremorogenic effects of harmaline and harmine: interference with a tryptaminergic mechanism?D. Lodge and P. M. Headle

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb01848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb01849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb01850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY