摘要:

AbstractThis paper develops a two‐sector general equilibrium model to examine the impact of technical progress, factor accumulation, labor growth, unemployment, trade policy, and the government's antipoverty programs on the rate of poverty. the results are then tested empirically using the data regarding the United States. We find that low unemployment, productivity growth, and government transfers have the expected effects of alleviating poverty; but trade liberalization has the unexpected effect of being associated with a major increase in poverty‐a result contradicting traditional vi

ISSN:0965-7576    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9396.1993.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper looks at whether the aggregate ERM money supply has been a useful predictor of short‐term changes in inflation and growth, and of long‐term trends in price levels among the core ERM countries. the evidence suggests that over the period since 1987 the ERM money supply performs at least as well, and arguably better, than the individual nominal aggregates in predicting nominal aggregates such as inflation and the price level, while neither money supply is a good predictor of real activ

ISSN:0965-7576    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9396.1993.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper fully specifies the political and economic markets in which trade policies are formulated and lobbying efforts are determined. In the political market, the winner of a two‐candidate race chooses policies, and both candidates have incomplete information about the nonpolicy biases of voters. Voting is probabilistic and lobbying consists of informing candidates of the lobby members' nonpolicy voting biases. Economic markets are described by a Heckscher‐Ohlin model. the determinants of lobbying expenditures are developed from these microfoundations instead of being introduced in an ad hoc man

ISSN:0965-7576    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9396.1993.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of protection on X‐efficiency using a general equilibrium Ricardo‐Viner model with variable sector‐specific effort. As in earlier models, it is found that protection only reduces effort if the income effect is sufficiently strong. It is also shown that, provided the correct compensated import demand curve is used, all welfare effects attributable to changes in effort are captured in the standard “triangle” measure of deadweight loss. Moreover, any protection‐induced fall in effort will reduce the overall cost of protection, suggesting that policy‐induced “X‐inefficiency

ISSN:0965-7576    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9396.1993.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbstract A partial two country equilibrium model is built in which two different exogenous random shocks may occur. the governments simultaneously choose tariff functions relating their specific tariff to the level of an observable variable (volume of trade or international price). In the case of a “volume of trade shock” the Nash equilibria of this game are more protectionist the larger the possible trade swings and autarky is always an equilibrium outcome. In the case of a “terms of trade shock”, constant tariffs, at their Nash equilibrium in specific tariff levels are the only sensible equilibrium

ISSN:0965-7576    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9396.1993.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbstract Industrial policies that are essentially nonlinear taxes or subsidies on adjustment costs of domestic firms affect those firms' market power in oligopolistic international markets. These adjustment policies often can achieve a strategic purpose at lower cost to the government than linear trade or investment subsidies and are less likely to result in retaliation by other governments. Many governments, however, use adjustment policies for nonstrategic purposes without recognizing that they are reducing their firms' market power by subsidizing adjustment costs rather than taxing them.

ISSN:0965-7576    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9396.1993.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbstract This paper evaluates general equilibrium welfare effects of tariffs, quotas, and voluntary export restraints under different assumptions about international capital mobility. We show analytically that, when induced terms‐of‐trade and rental‐rate effects are considered, the qualitative influence of capital mobility on the costs of protection cannot be ascertained unambiguously. Simulation estimates for the US indicate the practical importance of capital mobility, as well as of terms‐of‐trade and rental‐rate adjustments, in determining the ultimate welfare effects of import

ISSN:0965-7576    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9396.1993.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY