摘要:

Hazardous materials incidents include gas and vapor releases, spills, explosions, and fires. Incidents involving human exposure are challenging for most health care providers because of the vast number of potential chemicals involved, frequently incomplete incident information, and limited experience in exposure assessment. To facilitate improved evaluation and treatment of patients with chemical exposures, the Washington Poison Center established the Hazardous Materials Exposure Information Service in 1994. During the first 33 months of operation, this service has provided information on 70 incidents, involving a total of 1120 exposed individuals, including 501 patients treated in medical facilities. This paper reviews these incidents, the process used to collect information from the incident scene, and selected techniques for evaluating the extent of individual chemical exposure.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Workers at a Nogales, Mexico, maquiladora plant that assembles medical devices were studied to determine the prevalence of upper-extremity cumulative trauma disorders (CTD). Subjects included production workers employed 6 months or longer; of the 148 eligible workers, 145 (98%) participated. Subjects had a mean age of 24.6 years (SD = 5.2; range, 17 to 45) and the mean length of employment was 3.5 years (SD = 2.5; range, 0.5 to 14). Job tasks were videotaped and analyzed for ergonomic risk factors, using predefined criteria. All jobs performed by study subjects were found to involve one or more ergonomic risk factors associated with the development of CTD. A CTD questionnaire and screening physical examination format, similar to that used by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in a chicken processing plant study, were administered. Period prevalence of CTD within the previous year, as reported on the questionnaire, was 28%. Prevalence of CTD was 17%, using data from the screening physical examination. Point prevalence (current pain data from the questionnaire plus positive symptoms on the screening physical examination) was 15%. CTD was reported more frequently in women than men (46 % and 25 %, respectively;P <0.05) and in subjects who had worked at the plant less than one year (50%;P <0.05). Workforce turnover (3% monthly) may have resulted in those affected by CTD leaving employment, reducing the apparent CTD rate in experienced workers.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID