摘要:

Mortality during the years 1947 to 1983 waa studied in 3,444 men employed for at least 3 months in Minnesota taconite mining operations during the years 1947 to 1968. During 86,307 person-years of observation, there were 801 deaths for a standardized mortality ratio (8MB) of 88 (US white male rates) or 98 (Minnesota rates). The 41 deaths from respiratory cancer were fewer than expected, the SMR being 61 (P ≤ .01) (US rates) and 85 (Minnesota rates). There were 25 respiratory cancers 20 or more years after first taconite employment, for an SMR of 57 (P ≤ .01) (US rates). SMRs for colon cancer, kidney cancer, and lymphopoietic cancer were elevated, but below the level of statistical significance. There was one death from pleural mesothelioma, 11 years after first taconite employment, in a man with long prior employment as a locomotive operator. The pattern of deaths did not suggest asbestos-related disease in taconite miners and millers.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We investigated the occurrence of cutaneous depigmentation (vitiligo) among employees of a company that manufactured hydraulic pumps. The interiors of these pumps were injection-molded with rubber. We identified a small but significant cluster of vitiligo oases among a group of employees who frequently handled the rubber used in this injection molding process. Although none of the additives specified in the rubber formulations was a phenolic or oateoholio derivative, known to be potential causes of chemically induced vitiligo, gas ohromatographio analysis identified a para-substituted phenol (2,4-dl-tert-butylphenol, DTBP) in solid samples of the most frequently used rubber. Surface wipe analysis confirmed that workers could be exposed to DTBP from simple handling of the rubber. We subsequently established that the solid bulk rubber used as the base in these stook rubber formulations contained both DTBP and smaller quantities of p-tert-butylphenol. Both had formed as unsuspected byproducts during chemical synthesis of two antioxidants added to the solid bulk rubber by a major rubber supplier. We conclude that the unsuspected presence of potential chemical depigmenting agents in solid bulk rubber, from which industrial rubber products are formulated, may contribute to the ooourrence of occupational vitiligo, and that a simple review of ingredients in rubber formulations is inadequate to detect their presence.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In any study based on an occupational cohort, it is important to consider the variation in risk factors over time. Cumulative exposure is the most important time-related factor for exposure- response analyses, whereas other time-related factors such as age at risk, year at risk, and length of follow-up may be confounders and effect modifiers. This paper examines the family of exponential models which can be used for timerelated analyses of studies based on an occupational cohort. Analyses using Poisaon regression, the proportional hazards model, and the logistic model are presented, and their interrelationships explored. These models are illustrated with data from a cohort study of lung cancer mortality among asbestos textile plant workers. All three approaches yielded similar effect estimates. In particular, Poisson regression and the proportional hazards model yielded very similar findings, but Poisson regression has some conceptual and computational advantages.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous studies have suggested that certain occupational groups may be at increased risk for prostate cancer. A cancer registry-based case-control study was conducted to investigate possible associations between various occupations and the risk of prostate cancer among 1,239 cose subjects and 3,717 agematched control subjects. Elevated relative risk estimates were observed for farmers, mechanics, sheet metal workers, separating machine operators, and for men employed in several manufacturing industries. These findings are discussed in the context of previous studies, and suggestions for future research are provided.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID