摘要:

We measured 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and 16-hour noise exposure continuously for 20 automobile workers, and used linear mixed-effects regression models to estimate transient and sustained effects of noise exposure on blood pressure. The occupational noise levels of the high-exposure workers with 85 ± 8 dBA were significantly higher than those of the low-exposure workers with 59 ± 4 dBA (P< 0.05). We found a significant difference of 16 ± 6 mm Hg in sleep-time systolic blood pressure (SBP) existed between 2 exposure groups, and a marginal increase of 1 mm Hg SBP per 1-dBA increase in occupational noise exposure at a 60-minute lag time during work (P= 0.07). Occupational noise exposure had both transient and sustained effects on workers’ SBP.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Commuter and air taxi pilots have higher work-related death rates than most other occupational groups. In this longitudinal study, the authors examined the mortality in a cohort of 3263 commuter and air taxi pilots. With adjustment for age, proportional hazards modeling revealed that termination or downgrading of medical certificates during the 11-year follow-up was associated with a significantly increased risk of overall mortality (relative risk, 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43–3.77). Relative to the general population with similar demographic characteristics, commuter air carrier and air taxi pilots had significantly lower overall mortality (standard mortality ratio [SMR], 0.36; 95% CI = 0.32–0.41) and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (SMR, 0.18, 95% CI = 0.15–0.22), but considerably higher mortality from aviation crashes (SMR, 128.88; 95% CI = 6.35–2624.36). The results indicate that the current medical certification system is effective in maintaining a healthy pilot workforce.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Associations between chronic conditions and work performance (absenteeism, presenteeism, and critical incidents) were studied in reservation agents, customer service representatives, executives, and railroad engineers. Conditions and work performance were assessed with the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. Analysis of covariance was used to estimate associations. More work performance was lost from presenteeism than absenteeism. However, chronic conditions more consistently had negative impacts on absenteeism than presenteeism. Conditions with significant effects included arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease–emphysema, depression, and chronic headaches. Arthritis had the largest aggregate effect on absenteeism–presenteeism. Only depression affected both absenteeism–presenteeism and critical incidents. Some chronic conditions have substantial workplace effects. Disease management programs for these conditions might have a positive return on investment (ROI). Health and productivity tracking surveys are needed to evaluate ROI and provide quality assurance.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Medical surveillance was used in the workplace to determine and monitor the level of hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) present in workers exposed to upper extremity vibration. Ergonomic intervention in the form of new tools with lower vibration levels and the use of International Standards Organizaiton (ISO) 10819 antivibration gloves were associated with a decrease in the pathologic findings and symptoms in these workers. Workers without such intervention were more likely to show progression of symptoms and findings. These findings suggest that ergonomic intervention can be effective in controlling the workplace hazard of tool vibration.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID