摘要:

Firefighting is a demanding occupation, laden with hazardous exposures which result in traumatic injuries. Little epidemiologic evidence exists quantifying these factors, however. We conducted an incident-level case-control study of National Fire Incident Reporting System data of the association between firefighter injury and incident characteristics. Risk factors included 5 or more alarms (OR = 3.85; 95% CI, 3.32–4.48), number of stories (>3 vs. ground level OR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.55), and at least one civilian injury (OR = 3.69; 95% CI, 3.55–3.84). Risk of injury was reduced for fires originating 49 feet and higher (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49–0.66). This analysis suggests that fireground-specific situations such as the number of stories or a civilian injury increase the risk of injury. Given the danger of firefighting, the identification of risk factors through epidemiologic methods is vital to developing safety measures.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Occupational exposures to organic dusts, gases, welding fumes and agricultural chemicals result in farmers’ increased risk of respiratory health problems compared to other workers. The Respiratory Health Program for Saskatchewan farmers addresses the difficulties of delivering an occupational health program to a sparsely distributed population on the Prairies. We summarized their pulmonary function and respiratory health by spirometry and questionnaire respectively. The necessity of the program was demonstrated by the frequency of lower than predicted pulmonary function tests and referrals to family physicians (1996 through 1999). Age, years in farming, usual cough, wheezing on most days and nights, bringing up phlegm from the chest, breathlessness, and cigarette smoking were associated significantly with pulmonary function results. We evaluated the Respiratory Health Program (1994 through 2000) with respect to acceptability, accessibility, appropriateness, continuity, effectiveness, efficiency, and risk/safety by using questionnaires and evaluations by farm families.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Crop activities lead to dermal exposure of workers to pesticides. The efficacy of hand washing as a control measure is unknown. The efficacy of water and soap was studied for some pesticides and exposure situations. Pre-washing contamination levels in field studies were calculated from foliar residues by models using transfer factors. Between 24.5% and 50.7% of the calculated prewashing contamination was removed in two field studies with three pesticides, with coefficients of variation between 43% and 72%. In a human volunteer study, on average 45.8% and 85.7% was removed for two pesticides (coefficients of variation 6% and 7%). No influence of ‘washing vigour’ was found and efficacy did not depend on pre-washing contamination levels. The combination of field studies and laboratory experiments was successful, partly compensating for weaknesses in both approaches.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There have been reports in the literature of decrements in pulmonary function associated with long-term, low-level monomeric isocyanate exposure combined with solvent exposure. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between these exposures and pulmonary function in an automobile paint and coating (finishes) plant. A job exposure matrix was developed for isocyanate and solvent exposure; years in a work task were used as a surrogate for exposure. Recent pulmonary function tests were used as the outcome variables; specifically the difference between predicted and actual FEV1 and FVC. The results of the analysis demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between combined isocyanate and solvent exposure and decline in pulmonary function. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between solvent exposure and FEV1 and FVC.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID