|
1. |
Paresthesias and Sensory Neuropathy Due to 1,1,1-Trichloroethane |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 123-124
Ronald House,
Gary Liss,
Michael Wills,
D. Linn Holness,
Preview
|
|
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
2. |
Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis B and C Among Fire Department Personnel Prior to Implementation of a Hepatitis B Vaccination Program |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 124-125
Kenneth Pardoe,
Preview
|
|
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
3. |
Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis B and C Among Fire Department Personnel Prior to Implementation of a Hepatitis B Vaccination Program |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 125-127
Elizabeth Porter,
Melissa McDiarmid,
Michael Montopoli,
Angela Presson,
Venessa Holland,
Preview
|
|
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
4. |
Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis B and C Among Fire Department Personnel Prior to Implementation of a Hepatitis B Vaccination Program |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 127-128
Christopher Spitters,
Jonathan Zenilman,
Preview
|
|
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
5. |
Caffeine Dependence SyndromeEvidence from Case Histories and Experimental Evaluations. |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 129-130
Preview
|
|
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
6. |
A Clinical Trial of Antioxidant Vitamins to Prevent Colorectal Adenoma. |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 130-130
&NA;,
Preview
|
|
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
7. |
Risk of Nervous System Cancer Among Workers Exposed to Lead |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 131-136
Ahti Anttila,
Pirjo Heikkilä,
Erkki Nykyri,
Timo Kauppinen,
Eero Pukkala,
Sven Hernberg,
Kari Hemminki,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
Experimental animal studies suggest that lead compounds may increase the risk of gliomas. To study whether occupational exposure to lead increases the risk, we followed nervous system cancer incidence among 20,741 employees biologically monitored for their blood lead (B-Pb) concentrations. We also performed a nested case-referent study, comprising 26 male cases of nervous system cancer (16 of which had gliomas). Those cases a B-Pb ≥ 1.4 µmol/L had a twofold increase in the odds ratio of nervous system cancer as compared with those employees whose B-Pb had not exceeded 0.7 µmol/L. The excess was confined to gliomas (odds ratio 11, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 630 for B-Pb ≥1.4 µmol/L; overallPvalue for trend, 0.037). We obtained lifetime information on exposure and potential confounders for 58% of the cases. The odds ratio of glioma was associated with indices of lifetime exposure to lead, and potential confounders seemed not to explain the effects. The results suggest that there may be an association between occupational lead exposure and the risk of gliomas. No firm conclusions can be drawn because of the small number of cases and loss of material.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
8. |
Comparison of Spirometric Reference Values for Caucasian and African American Blue-Collar Workers |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 137-143
John Hankinson,
Kathleen Kinsley,
Gregory Wagner,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
Interpretation of lung-function test results, specifically the forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second, generally involves the comparison of these parameters with reference values based on an individual's age, height, sex, and race. Such comparisons are often used to make important decisions concerning an individual, such as job placement or disability rating. Several studies1,2,3have shown that predicted values for African Americans are approximately 15% less than those for Caucasians, most likely because of the use of standing height to estimate the size of the thorax. When an adjustment for race is applied to reference values based on a Caucasian population, a single value (15%) is usually applied to all individuals.4,5When using a group of blue-collar workers (766 Caucasian and 633 African-American subjects) without any race adjustment, 10.2% of the Caucasians and 37.4% of the African-American subjects were below the lower limit of normal. When a single adjustment factor was used, 11.5% of the African-American subjects were below the lower limit of normal. Between-subject variability within an ethnic group was far greater than variability between groups. Our results suggest that although a difference between Caucasian and African-American test results for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second exists, an application of a single adjustment factor universally applied to all individuals, regardless of their age, sex, and height, is not optimal, and alternative approaches are needed.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
9. |
Medical Surveillance for Ethylene Oxide ExposurePractices and Clinical Findings in Massachusetts Hospitals |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 144-154
Anthony LaMontagne,
Thomas Mangione,
David Christiani,
Karl Kelsey,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
The medical surveillance requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) ethylene oxide (EtO) standard became effective in 1985. However, little is known about the nature of the response of EtO users to this regulatory requirement. In an effort to begin to understand this, we conducted a survey of EtO health and safety in Massachusetts hospitals (n = 92). We determined the cumulative incidence of provision of EtO medical surveillance, the characteristics of the surveillance interventions provided, and the clinical findings of EtO medical surveillance efforts in Massachusetts hospitals. From 1985 to 1993, medical surveillance for EtO exposure was provided one or more times in 62% of EtO-using hospitals. Sixty-five percent of EtO medical surveillance providers reported performance of all five medical surveillance procedures required by OSHA's EtO standard. Medical surveillance provider certification in occupational medicine or nursing, and a greater extent of coverage of written medical surveillance policies, were related to higher likelihoods of fulfillment of OSHA-required procedures. Twenty-seven percent of medical surveillance providers reported detection of EtO-related symptoms or conditions, ranging from mucous membrane irritation to peripheral neuropathy. These findings reveal widespread implementation of OSHA-mandated EtO medical surveillance, with concomitant incomplete fulfillment of OSHA-specified procedures. From the provider-based survey, we estimate that one or more workers at 19% of EtO-using Massachusetts hospitals have experienced EtO-related health effects.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
10. |
Determinants of the Provision of Ethylene Oxide Medical Surveillance in Massachusetts Hospitals |
|
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 38,
Issue 2,
1996,
Page 155-168
Anthony LaMontagne,
Rima Rudd,
Thomas Mangione,
Karl Kelsey,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
An in-depth survey of ethylene oxide (EtO) health and safety was conducted in Massachusetts hospitals (n = 92) to investigate the determinants of the provision of medical surveillance for EtO exposure. We have evaluated the relationships between provision of EtO medical surveillance and (1) activating OSHA-specified triggers for providing EtO medical surveillance, (2) worker training on EtO health and safety, and (3) various public policy, organizational, group, and individual characteristics. Among the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) five specified triggers for provision of EtO medical surveillance, only accidental worker exposures were related to provision of surveillance (RR = 2.56, P < 0.001). Exceeding the Action Level for 30 or more days, one of OSHA's EtO triggers that is also used in a number of other standards, was not related to provision of surveillance (RR = 0.84, P = 0.714). Reports of coverage of EtO medical surveillance issues in worker training were also correlated with the provision of EtO medical surveillance (RR = 3.68, P < 0.001), supporting OSHA's premise that worker training plays an important role in medical surveillance implementation. The presence of detailed written EtO medical surveillance policies was positively related to the provision of EtO medical surveillance (RR = 1.81, P < 0.001). The relationships between these potential determinants and provision of medical surveillance were also validated in multivariate analyses. Implications for improvement of OSHA medical surveillance implementation through revised trigger schemes, improved worker training efforts, and other measures are discussed. Findings are relevant to the future development of medical surveillance and exposure monitoring policies and practices in both substance-specific and generic contexts.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
|
|