ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Incidence of both major histologic subgroups of germ cell testicular cancer, seminoma and nonseminoma, is increasing, but the etiology is largely unknown. Occupational clusters have been observed. In a case-control study in Ontario with 495 incident cases and 974 population control subjects, jobs and industries were coded and analyzed. There is little evidence of occupational risk for all cases or for seminoma. Significantly increased risk of nonseminoma was associated with: miners (odds ratio [OR] = 12.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.22 to 69.27), food and beverage processors (OR = 3.20; 95% CI, 1.39 to 7.35), utilities employees (OR = 3.15; 95% CI, 1.15 to 8.61), and other service workers (OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.56). Leather-industry employees had elevated risk of nonseminoma (OR = 4.60; 95% CI, 0.75 to 28.28) consistent with a leather tannery cluster. Increased risk of nonseminoma among some workers can be explained if an additional event is required for converting seminoma to nonseminoma.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Workers' perceptions of health have become one focus of research on the costs of health care, yet little is understood about the relationship between perceptions of health and perceptions of work. An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted on a large southern university campus to determine if perceptions of select facets of work were related to perceptions of health. Results indicated that satisfactory perceptions of coworkers was the strongest predictor of current and future health perceptions, and the strongest predictor of perceptions of resistance to illness. Other significant job-facet predictors of health perceptions were autonomy, the work done on the present job, and pay. Satisfaction with supervision and opportunities for promotion were not predictive of health-perception measures. Implications for enhanced employee health include a greater emphasis on coworker relationships, especially in the current context of organizational change in business and industry.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To learn the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders (as defined by theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised) in a working population in Japan, we analyzed data from a population-based survey. Among 140 respondents who had a job, 8% experienced any of seven mood and anxiety disorders in the past 6 months and 19% had in their lifetime. The 6-month and lifetime prevalence rates of major depressive episodes were 4% and 14%, respectively. The 6-month and lifetime prevalence rates of phobic disorders were both 4%. The lifetime prevalence rates for other anxiety disorders were 1% or less. The 6-month rate of any disorder, as well as 6-month and lifetime rates of phobic disorders, was higher in white-collar employees than in self-employed workers (P <0.05). The multiple logistic regression confirmed the tendency after controlling for sex and age, although the result was not significant (P >0.05).

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Large amounts of the powerful pesticide sodium pentachlorophenol (Na-PCP) salt have been sprayed over vast areas in central China to control schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease of epidemic proportions. Approximately 6000 tons of Na-PCP are produced in China annually. Dioxins, a class of toxic, persistent compounds, are found as impurities in commercial Na-PCP products. These contaminants are released into the environment and significantly contribute to human exposure to dioxins in China. This study was carried out to determine dioxin levels in environmental and human tissue samples from one schistosomiasis area to evaluate the health risks associated with exposure to Na-PCP. Na-PCP pesticide was applied in 1972, 1973, and again in 1978. A total of approximately 454 tons and 902 tons of 5-ppm Na-PCP in water were sprayed over large land and lake problem schistosomiasis areas, respectively. The groups studied were (1) sprayers or handlers of Na-PCP, (2) persons living in the sprayed areas, and (3) persons living in unsprayed areas 300 km north of the sprayed lake located in a city in the Jiangxi province. Individual whole-blood and breast-milk samples were collected and later pooled for dioxin analysis. Also, a sample of commercial Na-PCP was collected. In addition, sediment samples from the lake where Na-PCP was sprayed were collected from four different sites and one control sample was collected from a non-schistosomiasis area. All of the samples were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A sample of Na-PCP used in schistosomiasis regions was analyzed and levels of 2,3,7,8-substituted dibenzodioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners were measured. In addition, the international dioxin toxic equivalent (I-TEQ) value of this sample was calculated. Total I-TEQ of 162 parts per billion (ppb) was found in the Chinese Na-PCP product. A pooled breast-milk sample from mothers, female agricultural workers who were born in the schistosomiasis areas where large amounts of Na-PCP were sprayed, had an I-TEQ of 5.4 parts per trillion (ppt), lipid, which was about double that of mothers from control regions, women born in areas not sprayed with Na-PCP (2.6 ppt, lipid). The dioxin I-TEQ values in human blood ranged from 9.0 (subjects 15 to 19 years of age) to 16.3 ppt, lipid (subjects 35 to 70 years of age) in the whole-blood samples from Na-PCP exposed persons, whereas the general population's whole-blood I-TEQs were 4.8 and 6.4 ppt, lipid, respectively. The PCDD/F congener distribution patterns in four sediment samples from schistosomiasis areas were similar to that of Na-PCP. By comparison of specific "fingerprint" congeners (higher chlorinated dioxins and the closely related dibenzofurans) in Na-PCP, human tissues, and sediment samples, we conclude that the chemical pesticide Na-PCP is a source of environmental and human dioxin exposure in the Chinese schistosomiasis area studied. Although human PCDD/F tissue levels in China are low compared with those in more industrialized countries, the elevated I-TEQ levels in exposed persons are cause for concern.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The prevalences of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function changes were studied in a group of 806 workers working in a "clean environment." Acute symptoms during the work shift were reported by smokers but were essentially absent in nonsmokers. Chronic respiratory-symptom prevalences were similar to those reported in community-based populations, with smokers experiencing more chronic symptoms than nonsmokers. Baseline lung function measurements indicated no significant differences with values obtained from prediction equations based on community populations. There were significant across-shift increases in all ventilatory capacity tests (forced vital capacity, 1-second forced expiratory volume, and maximum expiratory flow rates at 50% and the last 25% of the vital capacity) varying from + 1.9% to + 9.8% of the preshift values. Workers older than 40 years of age and those employed for more than 10 years had similar across-shift changes compared with younger workers and those with longer durations of employment. Our data indicate that workers in clean work environments (with the exception of smokers) complain of few acute or chronic respiratory symptoms and have normal lung function. These workers experience increases in lung function across the work shift, probably reflecting normal diurnal variation. Smokers, although significantly more affected than nonsmokers, do not appear to have work-related findings, and smoking appears to be the most significant risk factor for the development of lung disease in unexposed workers. In this study, community-based control data was equivalent to worker control data in unexposed workers.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID