ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Between July 1990 and April 1992, a questionnaire was administered to the physicians who saw 62 individuals with a blood lead (PbB) level equal to or higher than 2.40 µmol/liter with occupational inorganic lead exposure, to ascertain the medical management of workers with elevated PbB levels. Most of the 62 cases were seen by their personal physician (50 %) or a private physician under contract with the company for which the patient worked (40%). Only eight (13%) patients were seen by a physician in a medical specialty assumed to include training relevant to occupational lead exposure. Fifteen percent of the patients' physicians reported taking no action for the elevated PbB level. Twenty-nine percent did not report retesting the patient (all should have been retested). Twenty-one percent of the 62 patients' physicians reported informing no one, including the patient, of the elevated PbB level. The majority of the physicians did not know the answer or declined to answer a question about what PbB level would prompt them to take six follow-up actions. The results of the physician interviews indicate that medical follow-up on workers with elevated PbB levels may not be adequate to prevent lead poisoning of the workers and their co-workers. Recommendations include methods to increase physician and employer knowledge of the medical management of workers with elevated PbB levels and to increase employer compliance with OSHA standards regarding medical surveillance of lead-exposed workers.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the respiratory effects on health care workers of occupational exposure to aerosolized pentamidine (AP) used for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, we designed a clinical prospective study using subjects as their own controls. Sixteen health care workers whose job duties included administration of AP at one or more of nine San Francisco Bay Area medical centers participated in the study. Pentamidine concentrations ranged in breathing zone samples from <0.03 to 62.2 µg/m3. Pentamidine was not detected in the urine of any of the subjects. There were no significant increases in symptoms on days when AP was administered. Cross-workshift spirometry on days when AP was administered showed a statistically significant mean decrease (0.14 liter) in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. There was no statistically significant difference in mean diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow rate on days when AP was administered. Methacholine inhalation challenge testing did not show a statistically significant mean change in airway responsiveness across the workweek. The ambient concentrations of pentamidine that we measured document that detectable occupational exposure to AP can occur in poorly ventilated treatment rooms. The cross-workshift decrement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second that we observed in association with AP administration supports the respiratory tract irritant potential of inhaled pentamidine. We recommend that steps be taken to minimize health care worker exposure to AP.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The workplace is a significant contributor to injuries and injury fatalities in the United States. Unfortunately, the systems in place for collecting and coding injury data suffer from a number of limitations that make it difficult, if not impossible, to enumerate accurately the true scope and import of occupational injuries and injury fatalities. At present, there are no nationally agreed upon standards for defining, reporting, and recording occupational (and nonoccupational) injuries. This article examines and evaluates the major surveillance systems for the collection and recording of data on occupational injuries and injury fatalities and presents guidelines for establishing a model system of occupational injury surveillance. These guidelines should be valuable in designing a national data system that can measure the impact and effectiveness of injury prevention and control programs in the United States.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The long-term mortality experience of California agricultural workers who filed workers' compensation claims for respiratory diseases, pesticide illnesses, and injuries between 1946 and 1975 was observed until 1991 and compared to U.S. death rates. The respiratory disease claimants had an elevated relative risk of 3.27 (95% CI 2.09-4.86) for mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases (NMRD). Emphysema mortality was particularly high, with a relative risk of 5.94 (95% CI 2.56-11.70). NMRD mortality peaked 5 to 9 years after the claims were filed (relative risk 9.83, 95% CI 4.47—18.57) and was most strongly associated with exposure to wood, rice, coffee, and flour dusts. Among the pesticide illness claimants, mortality from heart disease was slightly elevated in the subcohort with systemic pesticide illness (SMR=1.32, 95% CI 0.86-1.94). Among the injury claimants, risk was increased for motor vehicle deaths (relative risk 1.62, 95 % CI 0.74—3.08). It was concluded that respiratory disease claimants in agriculture have a significantly elevated risk of mortality from respiratory diseases and that the risk is highest (10-fold) 5–9 years after claims are filed.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID