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1. |
Effect of Elastic Neck Strap on Right Thumb Force and Force Angle During Clarinet Performance |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 775-776
Kris Chesky,
George Kondraske,
Bernard Rubin,
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ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Ammonium Perchlorate Contamination of Colorado River Drinking Water is Associated With Abnormal Thyroid Function in Newborns in Arizona |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 777-782
Ross Brechner,
Gregory Parkhurst,
William Humble,
Morton Brown,
William Herman,
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摘要:
The Colorado River below Lake Mead, which supplies drinking water for approximately 20,000,000 people, is contaminated by ammonium perchlorate. We identified populations who were exposed and unexposed to perchlorate-contaminated drinking water and compared median newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels after adjusting for age in days at measurement and for race/ethnicity. Median newborn TSH levels in a city whose drinking water supply was 100% perchlorate-contaminated water from the Colorado River below Lake Mead were significantly higher than those in a city totally supplied with non–perchlorate-contaminated drinking water, even after adjusting for factors known or suspected to elevate newborn TSH levels. This ecological study demonstrates a statistically significant association between perchlorate exposure and newborn TSH levels. It suggests that even low-level perchlorate contamination of drinking water may be associated with adverse health effects in neonates and highlights the need for both further study and control of human low-level perchlorate exposure.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
Fertility Rates |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 782-782
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ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Video Display Terminal Workstation Improvement Program: I. Baseline Associations Between Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Ergonomic Features of Workstations |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 783-791
Bernard,
Demure Rose,
Luippold Carol,
Bigelow Danielle,
Ali Kenneth,
Mundt Bernhard,
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摘要:
Associations between selected sites of musculoskeletal discomfort and ergonomic characteristics of the video display terminal (VDT) workstation were assessed in analyses controlling for demographic, psychosocial stress, and VDT use factors in 273 VDT users from a large administrative department. Significant associations with wrist/hand discomfort were seen for female gender; working 7+ hours at a VDT; low job satisfaction; poor keyboard position; use of new, adjustable furniture; and layout of the workstation. Significantly increased odds ratios for neck/shoulder discomfort were observed for 7+ hours at a VDT, less than complete job control, older age (40 to 49 years), and never/infrequent breaks. Lower back discomfort was related marginally to working 7+ hours at a VDT. These results demonstrate that some characteristics of VDT workstations, after accounting for psychosocial stress, can be correlated with musculoskeletal discomfort.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
Video Display Terminal Workstation Improvement Program: II. Ergonomic Intervention and Reduction of Musculoskeletal Discomfort |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 792-797
Bernard,
Demure Kenneth,
Mundt Carol,
Bigelow Rose,
Luippold Danielle,
Ali Bernhard,
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摘要:
The effects of an ergonomic intervention on musculoskeletal discomfort in 118 video display terminal (VDT) users were assessed 1 year after intervention. The intervention consisted of recommended changes to workstations, which were based on the evaluation of 15 ergonomic characteristics. Compliance with the intervention was at least 75% for most workstation characteristics. Reduction in discomfort was substantial and was highest for the wrist/hand (57%), lower back (43%), and neck/shoulder (41%) severity of discomfort outcomes. Neither compliance with intervention on individual workstation characteristics nor summary intervention scores were associated with reduction in discomfort. Our results demonstrate that although reduction of musculoskeletal discomfort may be observed in the context of an intervention study, it may be difficult to link these benefits to specific interventions.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Cancer Mortality Among the Highest Exposed US Atmospheric Nuclear Test Participants |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 798-805
Nancy,
Dalager Han,
Kang Clare,
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摘要:
Of the estimated 205,000 military personnel who participated in the US atmospheric nuclear weapons testing program from 1945 to 1962, less than 1% had ionizing radiation doses that met or exceeded the current federal occupational guideline for dose of 5 rem (roentgen equivalents in humans) in a 12-month period. The objective of this study was to determine whether veterans who received the highest gamma radiation doses (n= 1010) have experienced increased cancer mortality compared with a group of Navy veterans who received a minimal radiation dose as participants of HARDTACK I (n= 2870). Mortality from all causes of death (relative risk, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.44) and from all lymphopoietic cancers (relative risk, 3.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 10.83) was significantly elevated among the 5-rem cohort compared with the Navy controls. The lack of statistically significant excesses in deaths from many of the known radiogenic cancers suggests that the observed excess mortality may be the result of many factors, of which radiation exposure was only one.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Mobile Phone Radiation |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 805-805
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ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
Hearing Conservation for Farmers: Source Apportionment of Occupational and Environmental Factors Contributing to Hearing Loss |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 806-813
William Beckett,
Diane Chamberlain,
Eric Hallman,
John May,
Syni-An Hwang,
Marta Gomez,
Shirley Eberly,
Christopher Cox,
Alice Stark,
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摘要:
Those who work on farms continue to have a strikingly high prevalence of hearing loss, despite efforts to promote hearing conservation in agriculture. To develop improved hearing conservation programs, we performed a source apportionment analysis for hearing loss in a large, multiphasic health survey, the New York Farm Family Health and Hazard Survey. We used information from audiometric, otoscopic, and tympanometric examinations; detailed general health and farm exposure interviews; and a second interview that focused on additional potential determinants of hearing loss. Hearing loss on audiometry was significantly associated with increased age, male gender, education through high school or less, lifetime years of hunting with guns, lifetime years of use of a grain dryer, and a history of spraying crops during the previous year. Hearing conservation programs for farmers should thus be directed toward reduction in noise exposure, both from occupational and non-occupational sources. Additional study is needed to evaluate the association seen between crop spraying and hearing loss.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
If Men Got Pregnant |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 813-813
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ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Lung Function and Work-Related Exposure in Pig Farmers With Respiratory Symptoms |
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Volume 42,
Issue 8,
2000,
Page 814-820
Katja,
Radon Susanne,
Garz Anna,
Schottky Frauke,
Koops Jörg,
Hartung Dieter,
Szadkowski Dennis,
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摘要:
The present study was conducted to evaluate characteristics of pig houses that are associated with the development of respiratory morbidity in 100 swine producers with work-related respiratory symptoms. A standardized questionnaire for farm characteristics was used, and lung function was assessed immediately before and after feeding the pigs. Exposure to dust and endotoxin was determined by personal sampling. Among these farmers, baseline lung function results were shown to be negatively associated with duration of employment, number of pigs on the farm, manual feeding, and ventilation. The decrease in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second over the feeding period was negatively correlated with air velocity, whereas respirable dust concentrations were shown to be significant predictors of maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF25/75) decline. In conclusion, among symptomatic pig farmers, those with higher numbers of pigs and longer duration of employment are at highest risk for developing functional impairment.
ISSN:1076-2752
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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