ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It remains uncertain if law enforcement officers experience an elevated cardiovascular disease morbidity and, if so, whether their profession contributes to this incidence. Consequently, the self-reported incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, angioplasty) and CVD risk factors (age, diabetes, elevated body mass index (≥ 27.8 kg · m-2), hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, tobacco use) in 232 male retirees, ≥ 55 years of age, from the Iowa Department of Public Safety were compared with 817 male Iowans of similar age. CVD incidence was higher in the law enforcement officers than the general population (31.5% vs 18.4%, P < 0.001). Using multiple logistic regression, factors found to be associated with CVD included the law enforcement profession (odds ratio [OR]= 2.34; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.5-3.6), hypercholesterolemia (OR= 2.37; 95% CI = 1.7-3.3); diabetes (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.4-3.6), hypertension (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.3-2.5), tobacco use (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.07-2.6), and age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03-1.08). These results suggest that employment as a law enforcement officer is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and this relationship persists after considering several conventional risk factors.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Our aim was to determine the predictive value of some psychometric instruments for the development and persistence of musculoskeletal pain. In 452 subjects, pain in the shoulder, neck, and low back during the preceding year was assessed at baseline, one year, and two years' follow-up. Psychological distress, depression, self-efficacy beliefs, subjective work prognosis, disability, and work characteristics were assessed at baseline. The best predictor of future pain was disability. The psychometric measures did not predict changes in pain. The explanatory power of the variables in the multivariate analyses was low. Perceived disability in persons with musculoskeletal symptoms should be acknowledged early. The traditional research paradigm focusing on a few hypothetically relevant variables does not take into account the reflective, dynamic, reciprocal nature of human behavior during the process of recovery from or development of a pain problem.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Respiratory exposure to zinc oxide results in metal fume fever, a flu-like illness characterized by dose-dependent increases in pulmonary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). To examine whether mononuclear cells are a source of these proinflammatory cytokines, we exposed U937 cells to zinc oxide in vitro. Cell culture supernatant TNF and IL-8 was measured after 3, 8, and 24 hours of exposure to zinc oxide in varying concentrations. Zinc oxide exposure in vitro led to TNF release in a dose-dependent manner at 3, 8, and 24 hours (analysis of variance [ANOVA] P = 0.0001). IL-8 demonstrated a statistically significant zinc exposure response at 8 hours(ANOVA P = 0.005) and 24 hours (ANOVA P = 0.02). IL-8 at 8 hours correlated with 3-hour TNF levels (r = 0.52, P = 0.04). These data demonstrate that in vitro zinc oxide exposure stimulates U937 mononuclear cells to release TNF and IL-8 consistent with in vivo observations in metal fume fever.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many uranium miners have been disabled by and died of pulmonary fibrosis that was not recognized as an occupational disease. A review of animal studies, complications from whole body irradiation, pulmonary function, and mortality studies of uranium miners led us to suspect radiation-induced chronic diffuse interstitial fibrosis in miners who had inhaled excessive radon progeny. A selected group of uranium miners (22) with severe respiratory disease (but no rounded nodules in chest films) were studied. Lung tissue from five disclosed severe diffuse interstitial fibrosis, with"honeycomb lung" in all. Some also had small anthrasilicotic nodules and birefringent crystals. Although quartz crystals probably contributed, we concluded that the predominant injurious agent in these cases was alpha particles from radon progeny. This disease, after a long latent period, usually results in pulmonary hypertension, shortness of breath, and death by cardiopulmonary failure.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ten-year (1985-1995) results of an expanded medical surveillance program of 2475 active employees and retirees of an oil refinery and petrochemical complex in Illinois are presented. At the end of the program, 116 participants with persistent abnormalities of complete blood cell count had been referred for hematologic evaluation, and most were found to have benign conditions. Fifteen of the 116 were referred for bone marrow and cytogenetic studies. All of the referred active employees (seven) were found to have completely normal bone marrows with no evidence of any myelopathic process. Among the eight retirees, two had normal bone marrows, one was diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia, one declined to participate, and four were diagnosed to have myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) of various subtypes. A total of eight cases of MDS were identified, including six cases among program participants and two cases among nonparticipants. The MDS standardized incidence ratio of 1.26 (95% confidence interval = 0.54-2.47) was not statistically significant, and there was virtually no increase of MDS in persons less than 80 years of age (4 observed and 3.8 expected). This MDS increase was entirely from program participants, probably because of intensive follow-up and diagnostic screening. Routine surveillance of complete blood cell count information did not identify any new cases of leukemia or MDS in active employees. These findings suggest that the utility of expanded medical surveillance program in this population is very limited.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID