ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the effect of air pollution in Mexico City on respiratory health, patient visits for upper respiratory tract infections were monitored in five clinics. Levels of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide, and climatological variables were collected. Correlations of filtered data revealed an association between NO2and O3with an increase in visits to clinics because of respiratory problems. Autoregressive analysis indicated that pollutant levels/respiratory visits associations remained significant even after simultaneous inclusion of temperature, suggesting that air pollution was associated with 10 to 16% of the clinic visits. The relative risk indicated that high levels of O3and NO2could increase the total number of clinic visits to between 19 and 43% above average. The other pollutants and the control group did not demonstrate significant associations.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome (ODTS) is a flu-like syndrome that can occur after inhalation of cotton, grain, wood chip dusts, or other organic dusts or aerosols. We investigated whether inflammatory pulmonary responses occur, even after relatively brief, low-level wood chip mulch exposure. Six volunteers were exposed to wood chip mulch dust. Total dust and/or endotoxin levels were measured in five subjects. Pulmonary function and peripheral blood counts were measured before and after exposure in each subject. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in each subject after exposure, and cell, cytokine, and protein concentrations were measured. Control BAL without previous exposure was also performed on three of the subjects. Three of six subjects had symptoms consistent with ODTS. No clinically relevant or statistically significant changes in pulmonary function tests after exposure were found. Three subjects manifested a marked elevation in neutrophil percentage in their BAL (range, 10 to 57%). When these three subjects underwent control BAL, the postexposure comparison demonstrated an increase in neutrophil levels of 154 ± 89 x 103/mL (mean ± standard error;P =0.22). The mean increase in BAL interleukin-8 levels after exposure, compared with paired control values, was 11.2 ± SE 2.5 pg/mL (P =0.047). There was also an increase in BAL interleukin-6 levels that reached borderline significance (6.4 ± SE 2.0 pg/mL;P =0.08). Tumor necrosis factor levels were increased in all three subjects' BAL as well (0.4 ± SE 0.2 pg/mL), but this change was not statistically significant (P =0.2). Our findings of increased BAL proinflammatory cytokine and neutrophil levels are consistent with the theory that cytokine networking in the lung may mediate ODTS.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report is a clarification and further analysis of our previously published mortality study regarding groundwater contamination with hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) in the JinZhou area of China between 1965 and 1978. In our previous report, we stated that a significant excess of overall cancer mortality was observed (P =0.04) in five Cr+6-contaminated villages combined. Further analysis revealed no clear statistical increase in cancer mortality in the three villages adjacent to the source of the contamination (P =0.25), where 57% of the wells exceeded the European Community safe drinking water standard of 0.05 ppm Cr+6. These results do not indicate an association of cancer mortality with exposure to Cr+6-contaminated groundwater, but might reflect the influence of lifestyle or environmental factors not related to Cr+6. Further follow-up of this cohort is recommended.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Little is known about the impact of different types of headache on lost work time and work effectiveness in the United States. Estimation of the distribution and magnitude of the impact of headache in the workplace is necessary before workplace interventions can be developed. During 1993 and 1994 in Baltimore County, Maryland, study subjects were contacted by random-digit dialing and interviewed by telephone about their headaches. Headache diagnoses were assigned using International Headache Society criteria for migraine and episodic tension-type headache. Measures of workplace impact were derived based on self-reports of missing work because of headache and frequency and magnitude of reduced work level because of headache. Of the 13,343 respondents, 9.4% reported missing work more than rarely because of headache, 31% reported that their work level was reduced more than rarely by headache, and 9.2% reported that their work level was reduced more than 50% by headaches during work. In accounting for both actual lost workdays and reduced effectiveness at work, individuals lost the equivalent of 4.2 days per year because of headache. Of the 9922 annual estimated actual lost workdays because of headache, 57% were due to migraine and 43% were due to tension-type and other headache types. Of the 23,287 annual estimated reduced effectiveness workday equivalents, 64% were due to tension-type and other headache types, and 36% were due to migraine. Headache type, headache severity, and education level were each independent predictors of workplace impact of headache. Subjects with migraine headache were much more likely to report actual lost workdays because of headache, whereas tension-type and other headache types accounted for a large proportion of decreased work effectiveness because of headache. The results have implications regarding the control of indirect costs in the workplace because of headache, and on workplace-based treatment and prevention programs.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fatality inspection records from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration were examined to determine which construction industry trades have significantly greater proportions of occupational fatalities resulting from contact with overhead power lines than are expected. Proportionate mortality ratios were calculated for each construction industry trade, and Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared tests were performed to determine significance. The heavy construction, highway and streets construction, painting, and roofing trades had significantly greater proportions of fatalities resulting from contact with overhead power lines (P < 0.05). The heavy construction industry experienced the greatest number of fatalities among the four trades. Employee training and education in the identification and elimination of overhead power line hazards should be emphasized in the construction industry. Accident prevention should also include maintaining minimum clearances to the lines and the proper use of equipment.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The incidence of germ cell testicular cancer is increasing, but its etiology remains largely unknown. Initiation may occur in a parental germ cell. In a case-control study in Ontario, jobs and industries of mothers (before and during pregnancy) and fathers (before pregnancy) of 343 case subjects and 524 control subjects were analyzed. Significantly increased risk was associated with fathers who were wood processors (odds ratio [OR] = 10.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 91.14), metalworkers (OR = 3.28; 95% CI, 1.03 to 10.52), stationary engineers (OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.05 to 11.87), or employees of the food products (OR = 2.79; 95% CI, 1.34 to 5.79), metal products (OR = 5.77, 95% CI, 1.53 to 21.77), or food and beverage services (OR = 4.36; 95% CI, 1.50 to 12.63) industries. There was little evidence of risk associated with maternal employment. Paternal employment before conception in jobs related particularly to metal or food and beverages may be related to testicular cancer risk in sons.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID