ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Construction workers are at increased risk for fatal and non-fatal injuries. This study examined the effectiveness of employee orientation and training in reducing injuries among plumbers and pipefitters. We searched the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s “recordable” injury data and “documentable” safety and training records for six plumbing and pipefitting employers in northwestern Ohio. During the period 1996 to 1998, 133 injuries were recorded with the duration of 2,541,432 working hours. The most common types of injuries were cuts, lacerations, and abrasions. The majority of injuries resulted from workers being struck by objects. The injury rate was significantly higher for small companies and longer working hours. No difference was found between traveling and local workers. Seventy-five percent of workers received safety orientations on injury prevention. Among workers who received safety orientations, only 3.4% experienced injuries, compared with 11.1% of workers without orientations. Safety orientations were associated with a significant reduction in injuries (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.15 to 0.35). Proper safety orientation and training could reduce the risks for occupational injuries in construction workers.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Employer-sponsored health promotion can improve employee health and morale and reduce medical claims and absenteeism. Effectiveness depends on the participation of those employees who are at increased risk of ill health. HealthPlus Health Quotient is an incentive/disincentive approach to health promotion. The employer’s contribution to the employee cafeteria-plan benefit package is adjusted on the basis of an annual health risk appraisal. We evaluated whether this financial incentive/disincentive predicted participation in health promotion activities, and whether participation improved future health risk and productivity. In the first year, participation was proportional to overall health risk (P< 0.01). Participation in targeted programs was proportional to levels of body fat, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Participation in activity-related health promotion was proportional to prior-year activity or fitness scores. Health promotion participants improved their subsequent-year health risk more than did non-participants. Participation was associated with reduced illness-related absenteeism and (although inconsistently) with medical claims paid and short-term disability.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The integration of women into non-traditional military occupations raises questions concerning the impact of such jobs on women’s reproductive health. This study examines the extent to which US Navy women in their reproductive years report exposures to potential occupational and environmental hazards, and the degree to which such exposures are associated with self-reported adverse live-birth outcomes. Data from a survey of pregnant Navy women provided both maternal and paternal exposure information on more than 1000 active-duty women. Self-reported exposures to heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum products, and other chemicals were associated with adverse live-birth outcomes at the bivariate level. Only a father’s exposure to pesticides at work predicted an adverse live-birth outcome (preterm delivery) in multivariate models. Maternal occupational exposures may exert their influence through maternal health and/or pregnancy complications and may act as mediators of health-reproductive outcome relationships.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Federal regulations protecting research subjects make special provisions for individuals who are subject to coercion or undue influence. Because they are subject to coercion and undue influence, workers should be considered vulnerable subjects of research. A series of ethical guidelines are proposed for medical research on workers that seek to safeguard the rights of workers and maintain the scientific integrity of research. In general, the guidelines emphasize that participation must be voluntary and knowing, that the confidentiality of medical information must be protected, and that the benefits of the research to the participants must be maximized while the risks are minimized.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An Early Return to Work Program was initiated at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Associated Schools of Medicine, Hygiene and Nursing in Baltimore, Maryland, in April 1992 as part of a comprehensive effort to control the incidence and costs of work-related illnesses and injuries. The program was similar to others that incorporate employee and supervisory training and job accommodation, but it also included an industrial hygienist trained in ergonomics to facilitate the placement of individuals with restrictions. The return to work program was studied over a 10-year period, comparing the number of lost workday cases, lost workdays, and restricted duty days before (1989 to 1992) and after (1993 to 1999) initiation of the program. A significant decrease (55%) was observed in the rate of lost workday cases before versus after the return to work program. Furthermore, the number of lost workdays decreased from an average of 26.3 per 100 employees before, to 12.0 per 100 employees after, the return to work initiative, and the number of restricted duty days went from an average of 0.63 per 100 employees to 13.4 per 100 employees (a twentyfold increase). The study suggests that a well-structured early return to work program is an integral part of a comprehensive effort to control the duration of disability associated with occupational injuries and illness. It also indicates that to be most effective, an early return to work program must include participation by medical providers, safety professionals, injured employees, and supervisors. Our work suggests that even with these elements in place, the effectiveness of return to work programs may be increased by including an individual trained in ergonomics to facilitate the job placement process.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID