ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although reports on reproductive disturbances among occupational groups of electrical workers have been discussed, few studies have focused explicitly on the children of workers employed in the power industry. Birth outcome and cancer in the offspring of fathers who were exposed to electric and magnetic fields at time of sperm production were studied in two cohorts. In Study 1, male occupation in the power industry was identified in censuses. Study 2 is a prospective cohort study of newly employed power industry workers. Birth data were obtained by record linkage between censuses and several available health registers in Sweden. Multiple births, birth weight, sex, survival, congenital malformations, and cancer have been analyzed with relation to the father's exposure to electric and magnetic fields one year before the child was born. There were six cancer cases among infants in the exposed group (2.4 expected) and six in the unexposed group (3.2 expected) in Study 1. Jointly, the 12 cancer cases found among the infants were more than expected (P = 0.02). However, this total excess may be random. No cancer cases were observed in the prospective study. For chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down's syndrome, one case was observed among infants of exposed fathers and three cases among unexposed fathers in Study 1. In Study 2, no cases were observed. There was a slightly higher proportion of malformation diagnoses among infants of exposed fathers than among infants of unexposed fathers in Study 2, but this could be random (odds ratio = 1.59; 95% Confidence interval 0.43-1.48). No clear-cut effects on infants fathered by men who were exposed to electric and magnetic fields around the time of sperm production could be seen in these two studies.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lung function, studied with spirometry, nitrogen washout technique, and methacholine responsiveness, was prospectively investigated in a seven-year follow-up study of 35 laboratory animal workers (19 women and 16 men) of whom 11 were skin prick test (SPT) positive to laboratory animal allergens; five had asthma and six had rhinitis symptoms. During the follow-up, 82% of the SPT-positive subjects had stopped animal work, compared with 29% of the SPT-negative subjects. In baseline spirometry, there was no decrement in the lung volumes or differences between SPT-positive and SPT-negative subjects. At follow-up, no difference was found in vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume during one second (FEV1), or residual volume (RV), but the volume of trapped gas (VTG), which is assumed to measure small airways, had increased with a median of 11 mL (P = 0.03). Subjects sensitized to laboratory animals had a minor increase in methacholine responsiveness in FEV1at follow-up (P = 0.03). The VTG responsiveness was already increased in the first examination (P = 0.035) and remained so at follow-up. Furthermore, the FEV1responsiveness could predict a subsequent decline in baseline VC and FEV1. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that airway responsiveness in immunoglobulin E-mediated allergy might start in small airways and subsequently affect large airways.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many bladder cancers are indolent, and since there are no biomarkers to predict progression, the prognosis is problematic. Utilizing an in vitro/in vivo human uroepithelial cell (SV-HUC.PC) transformation system, we investigated several molecular events occurring along the continuum of exposure to disease outcome as potential biomarkers for occupational carcinogenesis. The model also served to generate information on the occupational carcinogenicity of N-hydroxy-4,4′-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) [N-OH-MOCA]. Two of 14 groups of SV-HUC.PC treated with various concentrations of N-OH-MOCA formed carcinomas in athymic nude mice. Each of the biomarkers investigated demonstrated potential for interventions/prevention applications of occupational bladder cancers but will require validation and further evaluation. Those investigated displaying potential occupational utility included the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), DNA adducts, and altered proteins, as detected on HUC two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein maps.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a poorly understood entity that is often misdiagnosed as asthma. We report eleven cases of VCD in which there was a temporal association between VCD onset and occupational or environmental exposure. We conducted a case-control study to determine if the characteristics of irritant-exposed VCD (IVCD) cases differed from non-exposed VCD controls. Chart review of VCD patients at the authors' institution produced 11 cases that met IVCD case criteria. Thirty-three control VCD subjects were selected by age matching. There were statistical differences between the groups in ethnicity and chest discomfort. There were no statistical differences between the groups for gender, tobacco, smoking habits, symptoms, or pulmonary function parameters. Varied irritant exposures were associated with IVCD. IVCD should be considered in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms occurring after irritant exposures.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We conducted a study to examine the risk of leukemia between 1987 and 1992 among children living near high-voltage transmission lines (HVTL) in three urban districts of northern Taiwan. Twenty-eight cases of leukemia among some 120,696 children aged 14 years or less were reported to the national cancer registry between 1987 and 1992. Compared with children living in households more than 100 meters away from HVTL, children living in households less than 100 meters from HVTL experienced an essentially elevated risk of leukemia (7 versus 2.88, standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-5.01). The elevated risk stands when compared with all children of Taiwan alternatively (7 versus 2.60, SIR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.08-5.55). Such elevated risk was particularly noteworthy among children aged 5-9 years. The findings suggest that children living near HVTL tend to experience an elevated risk of leukemia. Further investigations are undoubtedly needed to unveil whether such tendency may have implied the putative association between exposure to elevated magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID