摘要:

AbstractIn the Brenta area of northern Italy, a brown bearUrsus arctospopulation is rapidly going extinct. Restocking of the population is planned. In order to study the genetics of this highly vulnerable population with a minimum of stress to the animals we have developed a PCR‐based method that allows the study of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences from droppings collected in the field. This method is generally applicable to animals in the wild. Using excremental as well as hair samples, we show that the Brenta population is monomorphic for one mitochondrial lineage and that female as well as male bears exist in the area. In addition, 70 samples from other parts of Europe were studied. As others have previously reported, the mitochondrial gene pool of European bears is divided into two major clades, one with a western and the other with an eastern distribution. Whereas populations generally belong to either one or the other mitochondrial clade, the Romanian population contains both clades. The bears in the Brenta belong to the western clade. The implications for the management of brown bears in the Brenta and elsewhere in Europe are discusse

ISSN:0962-1083    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough many studies have shown that animal‐associated bacterial species exhibit linkage disequilibrium at chromosomal loci, recent studies indicate that both animal‐associated and soil‐borne bacterial species can display a nonclonal genetic structure in which alleles at chromosomal loci are in linkage equilibrium. To examine the situation in soil‐borne species further, we compared genetic structure in two soil populations ofRhizobium leguminosarumbv.trifoliiand two populations ofR. leguminosarumbv.viciaefrom two sites in Oregon, with genetic structure inR. leguminosarumbv.viciaepopulations recovered from peas grown at a site in Washington, USA, and at a site in Norfolk, UK. A total of 234 chromosomal types (ET) were identified among 682 strains analysed for allelic variation at 13 enzyme‐encoding chromosomal loci by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). Chi‐square tests for heterogeneity of allele frequencies showed that the populations were not genetically uniform. A comparison of the genetic diversity within combined and individual populations confirmed that the Washington population was the primary cause of genetic differentiation between the populations. Each individual population exhibited linkage disequilibrium, with the magnitude of the disequilibrium being greatest in the Washington population and least in the UK population ofR. leguminosarumbv.viciae.Linkage disequilibrium in the UK population was created between two clusters of 9 and 23 ETs, which, individually, were in linkage equilibrium. Strong linkage disequilibrium between the two major clusters of 8 and 12 ETs in the Washington population was caused by the low genetic diversity of the ETs within each cluster relative to the inter‐cluster genetic distance. Because neither the magnitude of genetic diversity nor of linkage disequilibrium increased as hierarchical combinations of the six local populations were analysed, we conclude that the populations have not been isolated from each other for sufficient time, nor have they been exposed to enough selective pressure to develop unique multilocus gene

ISSN:0962-1083    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study of a group of semi‐free‐ranging Barbary macaquesMacaca sylvanusaimed to determine paternity, to establish whether any individual male achieved prominent mating success and to assess genetic variability. Analyses involved electrophoresis of 15 blood protein systems and multilocus DNA fingerprinting (isotopic and nonisotopic). Genetic variability was low; only two blood protein systems were polymorphic. Although all DNA‐fingerprints were individual‐specific, they showed a high average band‐sharing index value (0.67). Nevertheless, a combination of all methods permitted inference of paternity in 11 out of 15 (73%) cases tested. Several males from different age classes fathere

ISSN:0962-1083    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMitochondrial DNA restriction fragment patterns have been used to investigate theChorthippus biguttulusgroup: a group of morphologically similar grasshopper species with very distinct male calling songs. Ten haplotypes were identified in 21 populations, representing six species. Haplotype diversity was as great within species, and in some case within populations, as it was among species and no clear geographical patterns of haplotype distribution were revealed. In the light of grasshopper range changes since the last glaciation it is unlikely that these data can be explained entirely by the retention of ancestral polymorphism. This suggests that hybridization has occurred during periods of grasshopper range expansion since the last glacial maximum, allowing mtDNA transfer between populations that have previously diverged in allopatry.

ISSN:0962-1083    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1083    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1083    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1083    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY