ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100817

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100815

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100816

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral sources of error associated with the measurement of fetal head and abdominal circumferences (HC, AC) were examined using dynamic image ultrasound. Statistically significant systematic intraobserver errors were not seen unless technical differences in the images were present (HC only) and the range for random errors was 4–5% (2 SD) for both measurements. Although differences in the procedures used to acquire images for measurement had some effect on accuracy (HC only), the primary source of variations in measurements made by different investigators was the measurement methods. Different measuring devices gave different results and different investigators used the same devices differently. Under optimal measuring conditions, the interobserver error for experienced investigators was 1.2 (±4.3 SD)% for HC and 2.4 (±1.6 SD)% for AC. Comparison of prenatal and postnatal measurements indicated that there were no systematic differences for HC but for AC, the prenatal measurements were 6% greater. Random differences were ±6% (2 SD) for HC and ±13% (2 SD) f

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100803

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDynamic image ultrasound was utilized to re‐examine the changes in head and abdominal circumferences (HC, AC) with gestational age in normal fetuses. Data collected in a cross‐sectional study of fetal growth were evaluated using mathematical modeling techniques. The results of this analysis indicated that a linear‐cubic function optimally fits the HC data (R2= 97.3%) while the AC data was fitted optimally by a linear function (R2= 95.5%). The predicted values calculated from these functions were in very close agreement [mean deviation (absolute value): 1.97% (HC), 1.38% (AC)] with those calculated from average functions for HC and AC obtained in a previous longitudinal growth study. Variability was not constant throughout pregnancy for either HC or AC. With HC the normal range changed from ±1.5 cm to ±2.5 cm at 28 wk (menstrual age). The AC variability increased progressively with increasing menstrual age and was shown to be related to the predicted AC value. The normal range was found to be 13% of the predicted AC value throughout pregnancy. Based on these results, a new set of normal HC and AC values for the 12–40 wk (menstrual age) period is

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100804

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐one cases of hepatic hemangioma were examined by ultrasound, and three main sonographic patterns were identified. In 14 cases hyperechoic focal areas were observed, in five cases larger hemangiomas exhibited a complex pattern, and in two cases hemangiomas appeared as rounded sonolucent areas with distal enhancement mimicking cysts. Hemangiomas may have significantly variable ultrasonographic features. According to the authors' experience, only in cases of hyperechoic well‐defined lesions in asymptomatic patients can a definite diagnosis of hemangioma be m

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100805

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEleven cases of sonographically detected metastatic disease to the gallbladder are reported. This paper represents the first comprehensive review of the ultrasonographic findings in this not infrequently encountered disease process. Four distinctive sonographic diagnostic patterns have evolved and are described. The suspicion of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder should be raised, particularly in the presence of focal gallbladder wall thickening in association with nonshadowing intraluminal soft tissue masses. In contrast to primary carcinomas of the gallbladder, cholelithiasis usually is absent. The differential diagnosis, which includes various benign conditions of the gallbladder, is discussed.

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100806

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ability of two‐dimensional apex echocardiography to evaluate right ventricular and right atrial size was evaluated in 43 normal children and compared with 20 patients with a secundum atrial septal defect. From the apical four chamber view, the long axis length and short axis diameter of the right ventricle and right atrium were measured. The end‐diastolic area of the right ventricle and end‐systolic area of the right atrium were determined by planimetry. These data were indexed for body surface area. When compared with normal subjects, the area index of the right atrium and right ventricle were enlarged significantly in patients with a secundum atrial septal defect (p<0.001 andp<0.001, respectively). Mean values for the short axis dimension of the right ventricle and for the short axis and long axis diameter of the right atrium were greater in atrial septal defect patients than in normal subjects (p<0.001 for all). However, when both groups were compared, considerable overlap existed between the dimension measurements. Right ventricular long axis length failed to separate the two groups. Thus, two‐dimensional apex echocardiography provides a noninvasive means of assessing right ventricular and right atrial size in children with an atrial septal

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100807

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100808

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2751    

DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870100809

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY