摘要:

The presence of cerato-ulmin (CU) in the synnema head fluid (HF) ofCeratocystis ulmiwas shown by the results of light and scanning electron microscope observation and by demonstration of the assembling and disassembling of structures characteristic of CU in the HF. Further, through the combined application of acrylamide gel electrophoresis and double diffusion techniques, CU was detected as the major protein in the HF.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-085

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

European, Japanese, and North American hop cultivars were compared with each other and with wild plants by means of numerical taxonomic analyses of vegetative morphological characters. The cultivars originating from the three geographical areas tended to be distinguishable. European cultivars proved to be very similar to indigenous wild EuropeanHumulus lupulusand almost certainly are derived from the wild plants. Japanese cultivars seem to be imported European stocks which have been introgressed by indigenous wild JapaneseH. lupulus. Similarly American cultivars appear to be of hybrid origin, apparently between European cultivars and one of the three major indigenous varieties of wild North American plants. All domesticates examined were notably dissimilar to the midwestern United StatesH. lupulusvar.pubescens, suggesting that this taxon is a potential source of new breeding germ plasm.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-086

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Aquatic plants exposed to 488-nm laser light emit a bright, red–orange fluorescence. This fluorescence is brightest in young tissues, especially meristematic tissue of both shoots and roots. Older tissues of shoots and root hair areas both emit a pink and a white fluorescence respectively. The quality and intensity of fluorescence are decreased by the age of the tissue.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-087

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Three sympatric species of annuals,Collinsia parviflora, Mimulus guttatus, andTrifolium tridentatum, are polymorphic for anthocyanin spots on the upper epidermis of the leaves. In each case the presence of spots is determined by a single dominant gene. Spotted morphs are most obvious in young plants, and inCollinsiaandMimulusthe spotted phenotype is expressed only at low temperatures. Phenotype frequencies were determined in population samples in the Flat Top Islands, British Columbia, and at Anacortes, Washington. In all three species spotted morphs are more frequent in cold, exposed habitats, and the three species show parallel patterns of morph ratios in the sites studied. This provides strong evidence that the polymorphism is under the control of natural selection. Direct evidence of the adaptive significance of spotted leaves is lacking, but indirect evidence suggests the hypothesis that leaf spots may be advantageous in cold microhabitats because they increase leaf temperature during the winter growing season of these annuals.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-088

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Fruiting bodies and forest floor samples were collected and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Na content in red alder, Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and Pacific silver fir ecosystems in western Washington. Different genera and species of fungi showed wide variation in the capability of concentrating nutrients within their fruiting bodies. Ranges of nutrient content for fruiting bodies were 0.66–11.27% N, 0.04–2.39% P, 7 – 32 080 ppm Ca, 2975 – 57 404 ppm K, 10–7096 ppm Mg, 3–1727 ppm Mn, 15–3975 ppm Fe, 18–6763 ppm Na, and 15–278 ppm Zn. Nitrogen, P, and K were concentrated in significantly higher levels in fruiting bodies versus the forest floor in all ecosystems. Nitrogen and K were concentrated at levels higher than 1% while P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Na were concentrated at levels less than 1% of the dry weight of the fruiting bodies. Calcium was not concentrated by fungi in sporocarps, except forArmillariella mellearhizomorphs (3.2% on dry weight basis). Lignicolous fungi were lower in N and K than nonlignicolous fungi.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-089

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Protein bodies of dry seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) from radicle, hypocotyl, cotyledon, and endosperm tissue were extensively studied using thin-sectioning, freeze-fracturing and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. Protein bodies varied in size, were oval to circular in section, and generally consisted of a proteinaceous matrix, globoid crystal, and protein crystalloid components. Size, shape, and arrangements of globoid crystals and protein crystalloids varied even within the same cell. Globoid crystals were generally oval to circular in section. They were always surrounded by a proteinaceous matrix. In a given protein body the number present ranged from a few to numerous. A protein body generally contained only one protein crystalloid. In section, protein crystalloids were irregular or angular in shape. They were composed of substructural particles which formed lattice planes. EDX analysis of tomato seed globoid crystals revealed the presence of P, K, and Mg in all cases, a fact that is consistent with globoid crystals being phytin-rich. Rarely, small amounts of calcium were found along with P, K, and Mg in globoid crystals of each of the tissue regions considered. The distribution pattern of cells with Ca containing globoid crystals was random. Small amounts of Fe and Mn were also found in the globoid crystals of protein bodies from certain cell types. These two elements, unlike calcium, were specific in terms of their distribution. Globoid crystals from the protodermal cells often contained Mn and Fe. The globoid crystals from provascular tissue of radicle, hypocotyl, and cotyledon regions often contained Fe while globoid crystals in the first layer of large cells surrounding these provascular areas always contained Fe. Results from EDX analysis of the proteinaceous material from the protein bodies are presented and discussed as are variations in elemental content due to different fixations.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-090

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Self-incompatibility, a prefertilization event, and self-sterility, a postfertilization event, have both been suggested as causes for differences in seed set between cross- and self-pollinated florets inLotus corniculatusL. Ovary protein subunits of selfed, crossed, and unpollinated florets ofL. corniculatuscv. Mirabel were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Banding patterns differed for all three conditions. Ovary protein differences were found prior to the time fertilization is known to occur, thereby providing evidence that self-incompatibility is at least partially responsible for the reduced seed set after self-pollination.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-091

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The development processes which give rise to the histological differences between leaves expanding under full daylight and 25% daylight are described forHelianthus annuus. Generally the pattern of cell division and cell enlargement in shaded leaves lags behind that in unshaded leaves by about 2 days. There is no significant difference in the amount of cell enlargement in the paradermal plane in the epidermis and palisade layers of shaded leaves as compared with leaves expanding in full sunlight. However, cell division in all cell layers occurs at greater rates in unshaded leaves, resulting in greater final leaf area. Cell elongation in both palisade layers is of longer duration and occurs at a greater rate in unshaded leaves and is closely correlated with increase in leaf thickness. The volumes of palisade and spongy mesophyll are significantly greater in unshaded leaves than in shaded leaves, but the relative proportions of each tissue type does not change significantly. However, in shaded leaves there are fewer spongy mesophyll cells per unit area and a greater proportion of intercellular space than in unshaded leaves. Stomata are formed over the same time period in leaves grown at both intensities, but differentiate at greater rates in leaves grown in full sunlight, giving greater final stomatal density. These observations indicate that a sun plant such asHelianthusresponds phenotypically to lowered light intensity primarily by a reduction in cell division (resulting in reduced leaf area), and secondarily by modifying cell expansion in a plane perpendicular to paradermal resulting in the characteristic anatomy of shaded leaves.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-092

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Cyptotrama aspratacomb.nov. is described from basidiomes and a single mycelial culture. Nine names are accepted as synonyms ofC. asprata. The fungus is circumglobal but absent from Europe and northwestern North America. Five other species are accepted in sectionXerulina, namely:C. costesii(synonym isMarasmius echinatus),C. deseynesianacomb.nov.,C. granulosacomb.nov.,C. lachnocephala, andC. verruculosa.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-093

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Haploid embryos were produced byTriticum aestivum×Hordeum bulbosumcrosses. Approximately 4300 florets ofT. aestivumcv. Chinese Spring were emasculated and pollinated with pollen of diploid and tetraploidH. bulbosum. Haploid seeds started aborting 8–10 days after pollination and at this stage embryos were excised. Total haploid embryo set was only 0.2%.Callus was induced from the haploid embryos and root apices excised from the haploid plants on T medium + 1 mg/L 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. These calli were subcultured once and then put on differentiation media: T medium and T medium with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), IAA + 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin, K), or NAA + K. Histologically, calli growing on auxin medium were heterogeneous with peripheral meristematic loci embedded in a parenchymatous mass of cells. On differentiation media calli produced copious roots from the meristematic loci. One callus on control medium (T only) gave rise to an isolated shoot. The chromosome number of differentiated roots was always 2n = 3 = 21.

ISSN:0008-4026    

DOI:10.1139/b80-094

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC