ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385989

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AMicrococcusstrain occurring frequently and isolated multiple times from stones was studied for its ability to adhere to substrates and to produce exopolysaccharides or extracellular polymeric substances, one of the essential prerequisites for biofilm formation. Measurements of the biodeterioration activity of this strain in terms of (i) pH drop, (ii) organic acid production, and (iii) weight loss of marble slabs demonstrated the highly aggressive biodeteriorating potential of the strain in question.

ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385990

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Observations on inhabitation of building stone, particularly white stone, in historical buildings in the former Soviet Union, by chemolithotrophic, photolithotrophic, and heterotrophic bacteria and green algae are summarized. The roles of these organisms in the degradation of the stone is discussed. Observations on the attack of inorganic pigments in paints used in wall decorations of such buildings are also summarized.

ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385991

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Microbial communities on two churches in Schleswig‐Holstein (northern Germany) were characterized using cultural methods as well as light and scanning electron microscopy. Dilution‐plate counts of fungi [106/g dry weight (gdw) stone] and heterotrophic bacteria (105/gdw) were as high as those reported for soils. Counts of algae (106/gdw) were somewhat higher than those for soils. Biomass expressed as phospholipid phosphate concentration (PLP; 115–137 nmol PLP/gdw) was nearly 10 times that of Antarctic sandstone, at least twice that in an architectural red sandstone, and approached that found in soils. Amounts of chlorophyllawere higher than those for the Antarctic sandstone (known to contain algae and cyanobacteria) and were at the lower end of the range reported for soils. The high biomass is supported by photosynthetic carbon input, and hypotheses are presented that describe the role of these epi‐ and endolithic communities in the weathering of their substrata.

ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385992

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Some concrete and reinforced concrete structures are found to suffer from rapid corrosion, which reduces their life. Reduction of concrete strength characteristics, decline in pH, and changes in the chemical composition of concrete were related to the development of an association of heterotrophic and auto‐trophic bacteria, which transformed carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. The mechanism of concrete biocorrosion at high pH values is based on the degradation of hydrosilicates with the subsequent dissolution of the resultant amorphous silica and on the production of calcite.

ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385993

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In general, microorganisms such as chemolithotrophic and chemo‐organotrophic bacteria, cyanohacteria, algae, fungi, and lichens living on and in stone material may be of importance in biodeterioration. These groups contribute substantially to the deterioration of mineral materials such as natural stone, concrete, ceramics, and glass. The attack on mineral materials may be either strongly or mildly aggressive or both. A strongly aggressive attack is caused by biogenic mineral or organic acids. A mildly aggressive attack results from hydrophilic slimes such as heteropolysaccharides and/or proteins (biofilm) and their ability to accumulate water and salts. Attack by exoenzymes seems to be unimportant.

ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385994

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Over the past few years we have examined various antique and medieval glasses with regard to general biogenic damage, biopitting (crater erosion), bio‐crusts, and opalescent and white biogenic films. Experiments were carried out on pieces from Roman glass bottles excavated near Abu Tor, Sinai, some pieces of green and blue glass from Cologne Cathedral, some pieces from a little church in Evreux, glass samples from the fortress of the former Dukedom of Delmenhorst near Oldenburg, and some neolithic flint tools from the Negev Desert, Israel. Modern glass from a pigsty (19th century) additionally has been used for laboratory experiments on the attack of glass surfaces by fungi and bacteria. Some of the bacteria used in these experiments were isolated from the ancient pieces of glass. Biopitting with structures very similar to the biopitting of marble and limestone was found on almost all specimens. Lichens were not identified directly, but fungi and algae were observed in the pits as well as under the thin layers exfoliating from the Roman glass bottles. Initial steps of colonization and the potential for heavy‐metal accumulation by the isolated bacteria have been shown in laboratory experiments. A fractal dimension of diffusion‐limited disaggregation (DLD) is suggested as one possible explanation for the characteristic form and structure of the microbially induced and shaped biopitting patterns. A biopitting classification is suggested.

ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385995

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385996

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0451    

DOI:10.1080/01490459109385988

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor