摘要:

This study investigated the antiemetic activity of two different acute antiemesis regimens in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Seventy-four patients were treated with high-dose metoclopramide, dexamethasone and lorazepam (MDL) and 71 patients received high-dose alizapride, dexamethasone and lorazepam (ADL). Complete protection from vomiting was 50% in MDL-treated patients as compared with 30% in the ADL arm (p = 0.04). Incidence of delayed emesis was assessed in the first 82 patients accrued for the 120 h postcisplatin, being 69 and 60% in MDL and ADL, respectively.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226967

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty-four patients with severe post-chemotherapy emesis ( > 15 emetic episodes) refractory to prior combination antiemetic therapy were treated with a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (GR38032F). Ondansetron was given as 8 mg three times daily orally for 5 days with the first dose given 1 h prior to chemotherapy. Control of emesis was evaluated over the 5-day period. All chemotherapy was administered on an outpatient basis. Worst day analysis of antiemetic response was 87.5%: complete protection in 9/24 patients (37.5%) and major protection (1–2 emetic episodes) in 12/24 patients (50%). No protection from emesis was observed in 3 patients (12.5%). No side effects and no alterations in liver function tests were observed. Ondansetron is a safe and highly effective antiemetic agen

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226969

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dietary indicators of prostatic cancer risk were analyzed in a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 96 histologically confirmed cases and 292 controls in hospital for acute, nonneoplastic or genital tract diseases. There was a significant trend in risk as regards frequency of milk consumption: compared with nondrinkers or occasional milk drinkers, the relative risk (RR) was 1.2 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.7–1.9) for 1 or 2 glasses per day and 5.0 (95% CI 1.5–16.6) for 2 or more glasses per day. By contrast, no consistent association was observed with measures of cheese or butter intake. This might, at least in part, be attributable to the lower measurement errors for milk (which tends to be consumed in regular and uniform patterns) as compared with other dairy products. However, the interpretation of these findings is not clear, since other sources of animal fat, like eggs or meat, as well as a summary fat score, were unrelated to prostatic cancer. Although these limitations and uncertainties are substantial, this study provides further evidence that elevated milk consumption may be an indicator of prostatic cancer risk.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226970

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Inorder to determine the operative indications of three-field lymph node dissection of esophageal cancer, attempts were made to collect data concerning procedures performed between 1983 and 1989 in major institutions in Japan, and the results from institutions performing three-field or two-field lymph node dissection were compared. The treatment results of three-field lymph node dissection were better than those after two-field dissection, except for early or advanced cancer. The survival rate improved by the three-field as compared with the two-field lymph node dissection; however,, since surgery was invasive, some complications such as recurrent nerve paralysis were frequent. The results show that the indication of three-field lymph node dissection has to be carefully determined for each patient.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226971

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The optiomal demonstration of estrogen receptor binding in thyroid tissues was made under conditions of 10% protease in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6) for 10 min as the pretreatment digestion step, incubation of primary antibody (ER-ICA monoclonal kit; Abbott Laboratories) at 37 °C for 2 h and incubation of secondary antibody (ABC kit; Vector) at 37 °C for 40 min. Thyroid tissues used for assessing the reaction were 17 cases of goiter, 25 adenoma cases, 27 cases of papillary carcinoma, 14 cases of follicular carcinoma and 10 latent cancer cases. Incidences of positive estrogen receptor reaction were 22% (11/51) for all thyroid cancers, 20% (5/25) for the thyroid adenomas and 59% (10/17) for goiters. 15% (4/27) of papillary carcinomas, 21% (3/14) of follicular carcinomas and 40% (4/10) of latent cancers proved positive, the estrogen receptor reaction being limited to the nuclei of thyroid follicular/papillary type cell

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226972

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Our earlier observations indicate the possibility of involvement of a ‘host factor’ in pregnancy-induced protection against mammary carcinogenesis. The present investigation is an attempt to determine if this ‘host factor’ is of immunological nature. Rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene were used as target, and splenocytes from parous rats of the same strain were used as effector cells. The parous rats were divided into two groups according to the time period after parturition. Group 1 contained rats which were 5–13 days after delivery, group 2 had rats 14 or more days after parturition. In vitro cytotoxicity was determined by incubating the tumor cells with spleen cells in the target:effector ratios of 1:3, 1:10 and 1:30. Both groups 1 and 2 showed significant lysis of mammary tumor cells. These results were confirmed by the trypan blue exclusion test. The results showed a significantly higher cytotoxic capability of the spleen cells from parous rats against mammary tumor cells as compared to spleen cells from age-matched nullipa

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226973

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We examined death rates in Fisher rats when chemotherapeutic drugs were administered in a prescribed amount by either a single or divided dose. Lower death rates were observed when nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) was given in a divided dose, or when cyclophosphamide (CY), vindesine sulfate (VDS) or vincristine (VCR) was administered as a single dose. Lower hematological toxicity was observed when ACNU was administered in 2 doses and CY in a single dose. With etoposide, we did not observe any significant difference between the two administration methods. In a combination study with ACNU and VDS, we observed lower toxic death rates when the dose of ACNU was split and VDS was given as a single dose. ACNU-induced death was substantially reduced by syngeneic bone marrow support or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment. Our experiments indicate that the toxicity of the administration of chemotherapeutic agents may be significantly modified by altering the time course of administration. This would hopefully result in reducing the chemotherapy-related mortality associated with high-dose anticancer chemotherapy.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226974

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226975

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger