摘要:

Mitoxantrone (MIX), a member of the anthraquinone chemical class, was found to be a potential anticancer agent. It has a similar spectrum of activity as Adriamycin in experimental and human tumors. Thirty-five female patients with metastatic breast cancer, refractory to previous chemotherapy, were treated between 1986 and 1987 with MIX (14 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks); patients with diffuse bone metastases or heavily pretreated patients received 10–12 mg/m2 MIX. All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Two patients achieved complete response and 4 partial response, giving an overall response rate of 17%. Median time of response was 5.5 months. The drug was well tolerated. Objective response was obtained mostly in patients with a performance status (Karnofsky scale) of more than 70%, and in those who received more than 12 mg/m2 MIX per course. One patient developed cardiomyopathy, another an acute myocardial infarction, and 3 patients had pathological changes on echocardiography or multigated nuclear angiography. Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity was tolerable. We found MIX to be a potentially effective second-line treatment with mild toxicity in patients with metastatic breast cance

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226940

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A synergism between cis-platinum (CDDP) and radiotherapy (RT) has been demonstrated both in culture systems and in clinical studies. On the above basis, we planned, in patients with locally advanced or unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, a concomitant treatment with CDDP 80 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks for three doses (days 1,21 and 42) and RT in the primary and in the neck nodes bilaterally, for a total dose of 60–70 Gy. Thirty-five untreated patients with poor prognosis unresectable stage II and stages III-IV disease were entered in the study and 32 were evaluable. Complete response (CR) rate was 75% (24/32) with 95% confidence limits from 60 to 90% (± 15%); 8 cases (25%) achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 100%. A significantly higher CR rate and a longer survival rate was observed in patients with good performance status (PS = 90–100) and stages II–III. The overall estimated 2-year survival is 46%; 59% for patients who obtained a CR versus 0% for those who achieved only a partial response. Overall the treatment was well tolerated and gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicities were the most common side effects. In conclusion, the combination of CDDP plus RT is a very effective and safe treatment and we recommend such an approach in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in those patients with good PS and with unresectable stage II or stage III disease.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226941

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (FU) has been investigated in 26 cancer patients; 15 of these patients were pretreated with methotrexate (MTX). FU was given by a constant rate intravenous infusion within lOmin, at doses of 320–960 mg/m2. Total plasma clearance, P-half-life, and steady-state distribution volume were determined with 43 treatments, based on plasma level measurements up to 90 min after the end of the infusion. Average clearance decreased from 1.3 1/min for 320 to 0.7 1/min for 960 mg FU/m2. Multiple linear regression calculations with dose, body surface area, sex, age, and MTX pretreatment as independent variable and clearance as dependent variable confirmed the dependency of clearance on dose and body surface area but also showed that, with equal FU dose per m2, clearance was higher in males than in females, on the average, by 0.22 1/min. There was also suggestive (although not significant) evidence of a (reducing) influence of age on FU clearanc

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226942

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most commonly used drug in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. However, stomatitis is one of the limiting side effects. In the present study, 18 patients with gastrointestinal cancer who experienced 5-FU-induced stomatitis in previous cycles used allopurinol mouthwashes in subsequent courses of 5-FU (500 mg of 5-FU/m2/day, i.v., over 2 h for 5 days). The degree of stomatitis diminished in 15 patients (83.3%). Allopurinol mouthwash could be used as a simple and effective method for the reduction of 5-FU-induced oral toxicity. However, further controlled trials are required.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226943

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To investigate the proliferative characteristics of human bone marrow leukemic cells in vivo, we developed a new method using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and its monoclonal antibody. Thirty minutes after a bolus BrdU infusion, a 1st bone marrow aspiration (BMP) was performed to calculate the BrdU labeling index (BrdU-LI). Then, a 150-min continuous infusion of BrdU was started. Immediately after the infusion, a 2nd BMP was done to analyze the increasing rate of the BrdU-LI for 3 h. Each smear was stained by an immunohistochemical method. The BrdU-LI, the duration of S phase (Ts) and the cell cycle time (Tc) of leukemic cells from 13 previously untreated patients with acute leukemias were estimated. A mean value of 7.2% for BrdU-LI was obtained. Furthermore, mean values of 9.7 h and 152.5 h for Ts and Tc respectively were calculated. This method may prove to be useful in the in vivo cell cycle analysis of leukemias and other malignancies.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226944

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Originally referred to as ‘lymphoepithelioma’ undifferentiated and poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues showed intense lymphoinfiltration. In a study of cryosections from 15 NPC tissues, we found that infiltrating lymphoid elements were comprised predominantly of lymphocytes, but plasma cells, follicular dendritic cells, and eosinophils were also commonly seen. Subpopulations of lymphocytes having the same phenotypes tend to aggregate, forming clusters or secondary follicles in stromatous tissues. The tumor areas were mainly infiltrated by T cells. Tumor cells and/or apparently normal epithelium in the paratumorous areas frequently expressed CD21, CD23, CD40 and a B lymphocytes carcinoma cross-reacting antigen (BLCa), all of which are involved in B cell activation and proliferation. CD21 and BLCa were strongly expressed near the surface of both squamous and columnar epithelium by those epithelial cells which are at advanced stage of differentiation, while CD40 was expressed by epithelial cells at earlier stages of differentiation located at or near the basement membrane. CD23 was mainly expressed by columnar cells and basal cells underlying squamous epithelium, but not, or weakly so, by flattened squamous cells or reserve cells underlying columnar epithelium. The large majority of tumor cells expressed CD40 and BLCa. A substantial-proportion of them also expressed CD23, but the tumor cells were not reactive for CD21. Despite eosinophilic infiltration, IL-6 was not detected in tumor tissues. IL-I was, however, detected in abundance in the cytoplasm of follicular dendritic-like cells and in the intercellular spaces in tumor areas and surrounding stromatous tissues. The immunobiology of NPC is discussed in the light of these observati

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226945

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One hundred and twenty patients with primary lung cancer were examined for the presence of thrombosis-inducing activity (TIA) in their plasma. TIA was identified in plasma from 16 of 38 patients with stage 3 (42%) and 31 of 65 patients with stage 4 (48%) disease. On the other hand, only 1 of 17 patients with stages 1 and 2 (6%) showed TIA in their plasma. Cell type did not seem to correlate with the presence of plasma TIA, since TIA was identified in plasma from patients with all cell types. Survival of 32 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer, all stage 4, was studied. The mean survival time was 7.2 months in the TIA-positive group and 10.3 months in the TIA-negative group. This difference was statistically significant.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226946

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper describes the oncological experience on 7,216 patients at two cancer units initiated by one medical team in 1975–1977 at Assaf Harofeh Medical Center in Israel (predominantly serving a Jewish population, 4,671 cases) and at the West Bank Cancer Unit (WBCU), which serves an Arab population (2,545 cases). The two centers have the unique feature of serving two populations residing in close geographic proximity but differing in many cultural and socioeconomic characteristics. Data from the ongoing cancer registries in these two centers are summarized and compare the demographic characteristics of the two study groups, anatomic sites of cancer, methods of diagnosis and extent of disease. The findings at the two centers suggest the presence of different risk factors influencing the site distributions of cancers seen in the two populations served. Among the findings, significantly higher (p < 0.05) estimated relative risks for cancers of the digestive and urinary-genital systems are observed in each sex group at AHMC than at WBCU. Alternatively, the estimated risk of head and neck cancers was significantly higher among both males and females at WBCU compared with their counterparts at AHMC. Differences in risk were also noted for a number of specific anatomic sites of cance

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226947

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 5-fold excess risk of nonmedullary thyroid cancer among close relatives of affected patients was detected in a population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer in Connecticut. The 2 familial cases with early onset and multiple foci suggest genetic susceptibility, whereas the 2 cases with late onset may be related to a common environmental exposure.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226948

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The time course of DNA repair, using (3H)thymidine uptake as parameter, was measured during 8h after a single exposure to 2, 8, and 16 UV-C J/m2 in lymphocytes of 8 cancer patients, 1 xeroderma pigmentosum patient and 10 controls. All patients had reduced repair, and all controls normal repair, as calculated 2 h after a single exposure. Six patients reached normal levels with a delay of 2–6 h, whereas 2 patients and the xeroderma pigmentosum patient did not. Although the kinetic curves in controls and patients had a similar form, those for 8 and 16 J/m2 in patients were shifted so that they corresponded to that of 2 J/m2 in controls. Additionally the ability to repair repeated damage (cells irradiated twice or three times at 2-hour intervals with doses of 2 or 8 J/m2) was investigated in 6 patients and in 7 controls. The incorporation values showed significant differences between patients and controls at each dose and time point. Cancer patients tend to repair repeated damage less efficiently than controls. Using these parameters subtle differences between the repair ability of individuals might be identified. Because of the known connection between reduced DNA repair and carcinogenesis, this might help to distinguish cancer-prone individual

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000226949

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger