ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227324

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227325

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

As the introduction to a special issue of Oncology on the role of cytokines for cancer treatment, this article summarizes their various current uses. Interferons, interleukin-2 and hematopoietic factors are extensively used for the treatment of hematopoietic as well as nonhematopoietic malignancies, either as the main therapeutic agents or as an adjuvant. Combined usage of several cytokines, or cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents has been tried. Research on gene therapy using cytokines is in progress and expected to become a future modality of cytokine usage in cancer treatment.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227326

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interferons, a group of naturally occurring proteins, possess potent immunological effects. The availability of large amounts of purified interferon through recombinant DNA technology has led to the testing of these agents against a number of tumor types. Interferon-α has been the most widely studied. The most encouraging results have been observed in the treatment of melanoma among nonhematological neoplasms, and in the locoregional treatment of other tumor types. It is hoped that further research into the use of the interferons, both singly and in combination with chemotherapy and other immunological agents, will lead to a better elucidation of their therapeutic role against cancer. In this article, the use of interferons in the treatment of solid tumors is reviewed

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227327

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interferon (IFN) has diverse acitvities against the proliferation and function of various tumor cells. Recently, IFN-α has been widely used in the treatment of several hematological malignancies including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), multiple myeloma, and hairy cell leukemia. IFN-α is becoming a first-choice drug in the treatment of CML, because it has been reported to suppress or abolish the Ph1 chromosome in CML patients. IFN-α is used in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of multiple myeloma. There are many ongoing trials that include IFN-α in their regimens to determine whether or not the prognosis of multiple myeloma can be improved. Although the precise mechanism of the action of IFN has not been fully explained, the clinical applications of IFN for various hematological malignancies are expand

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227328

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine produced in vivo by activated macrophages and monocytes with pleiotropic effects on normal and malignant cells. TNF is cytotoxic to several tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Phase I and phase II trials have been conducted to determine toxicity to humans and to evaluate responses. Recent investigations will be reviewed. Despite promising results in vitro and in vivo, data from systemic administration in the treatment of malignancies have been disappointing. Local administration has been successful. Therefore, we suggest that future efforts concerning TNF administration in the treatment of malignancies should aim at local treatment.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227329

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a soluble factor produced by T cells that stimulates growth and activity of lymphocytes and other immune cells. First noted in murine studies, the antitumor efficacy of IL-2 has been shown to induce partial and complete regression of some tumors in human clinical trials over the past decade. Although the initial clinical success of IL-2 was in combination with lymphokine-activated killer cells, IL-2 alone has subsequently been shown to be equally efficacious. Combinations of cytokines and chemotherapies with IL-2 have been generally inconclusive and disappointing with the possible exception of interferon-α. Toxicities of IL-2 are common and often dose limiting. Symptomatic therapy has allowed patients to tolerate somewhat higher doses, but has not addressed the underlying mechanisms of these toxicities which may involve mediators such as tumor necrosis factor, interferon-γ, and nitric oxide. Clinical studies assessing these factors for their involvement in the antitumor effects of IL-2 as well as its toxicities may allow better understanding of IL-2, and perhaps lead to improved cancer therapie

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227330

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper reviews the effectiveness of local interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy and its effector induction mechanisms in vivo. Local therapy with IL-2 and/or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells is associated with far fewer side effects than systemic treatment. Local infusions of IL-2 into malignant pleural effusions and the peritoneal cavity induce LAK cells and secondary production of other cytokines responsible for up- or down-regulation of LAK activity. An understanding of the regulatory mechanism of local LAK induction in vivo may provide the rationale for a more effective therapeutic modality for cancer in humans.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227331

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the 5 years since granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was first tested clinically, a number of different strategies for its use have been evaluated in patients with malignant disease. These include using GM-CSF to support standard and high-dose chemotherapy, to accelerate myeloid reconstitution following marrow transplantation, to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells into the circulation for harvesting and transplantation, and in combination with cycle-specific chemotherapy drugs to enhance their cytotoxicity to leukemic cells. Early results were encouraging and data from randomized studies are now being reported. These are enabling an assessment of the value of these strategies for GM-CSF use in the management of cancer.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227332

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used worldwide in cancer patients for over 1 year, and (only 5 years from the first publication on the clinical use of this growth factor) experience is rapidly accumulating in many oncological situations. Several randomized studies have confirmed its value in allowing the optimal delivery of chemotherapy without undue dose reductions or dose delays, while at the same time reducing the overall risks of febrile neutropenia associated with the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Its virtual lack of significant side effects, its selectivity of action, its rapid effect on neutrophil kinetics (reducing both the maturation and release times of bone marrow neutrophils to 1-2 days rather than the normal 4-5 days), and the reproducible augmentation of neutrophil production in several neoplastic and nonneoplastic situations, as well as the activation of myeloid cell functions, have made G-CSF the growth factor of choice in most cancer units. Some of the published information regarding its current and potential use in the management of oncological patients is summarized here.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227333

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger