摘要:

AbstractRas oncogene and p53 gene mutations are frequently observed in colorectal cancers. The role of co‐operation between these two genes in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer was evaluated. Point mutations in K‐ras oncogene and hotspot codons of p53 gene of colorectal cancers were evaluated by naturally created or amplified created restriction site method. Nine of 42 cases (21.4%) of colorectal cancer showed K‐ras oncogene mutations. Six of 42 cases (14.3%) of colorectal cancer showed p53 gene hotspot point mutations. The low frequency of p53 gene mutation in this series may be due to racial difference or different hotspot codons. When six cases with mutated p53 gene were examined, only one (16.7%) showed concurrent K‐ras oncogene codon 12 and p53 gene codon 248 mutations. We concluded that the co‐operation between ras oncogene and p53 gene hotspot point mutations in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer in Chinese was not common. Other factors such as adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutations, oncogene activation or tumour suppression gene inactivation may be

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo evaluate the long‐term effects of abdominal irradiation for the treatment of seminoma of the testis on gastrointestinal function, 15 randomly selected patients who had been treated for stage I seminoma of the testis 2‐10 years previously had the following parameters of gastrointestinal function evaluated: gastrointestinal symptoms; absorption of bile acid; vitamin B12; lactose and fat; gastric emptying; small intestinal and total gut transit; and intestinal permeability. Results were compared to those obtained in 18 normal volunteers.There was an increased prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (P<0.01) in the patients and stool frequency was above the control range in two of them. Gastric emptying was faster (P<0.01) in the patients. There were no significant differences in vitamin B12, bile acid, lactose or fat absorption, small intestinal transit or whole gut transit between the two groups, although faecal fat excretion was greater than the control range in three of the patients. At least one parameter of gastrointestinal function was abnormal in 11 of the 15 patients. Patients with right‐sided seminoma had a greater bowel frequency when compared to those with left‐sided seminoma (P<0.05). We conclude that mild abnormalities in gastrointestinal function occur frequently when abdominal irradiation is used to treat stage I s

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA family tree of 118 members with five members found to have juvenile polyposis‐adenomatous change and four juvenile polyposis‐adenomatous‐carcinomatous change is presented. All the patients developed bleeding per rectum between 10 and 17 years of age. Four members died of colonic malignancy between 30 and 55 years of age. Colonoscopy in five living members revealed typical juvenile polyps throughout the whole length of the colon and atypical large lobulated polyps containing adenomatous change in juvenile polyps in the rectosigmoid area. An autosomal dominant mode of transmission was evident on analysis of the pedigree. Gastric hyperplastic polyps were present in three of the five living members.Familial juvenile polyposis may have the potential to progress into adenoma‐carcinoma sequence and is not always a benign disorder. Colonoscopic surveillance should be done to detect adenomatous change if any member of the juvenile polyposis family develops colonic mal

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChinese people have a lower maximal acid output and gastrin response to meals compared to Western people. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a half‐single nocturnal dose of nizatidine (150 mg at bedtime [h.s.],n= 40) with a standard full dose given once nightly (300 mg h.s.,n= 38) or twice daily (150 mg twice a day [b.i.d.],n= 43) in the treatment of Chinese patients with active duodenal ulcers. An endoscopy was performed upon entry and at 4 week intervals until the ulcer healed (up to 8 weeks). There is no statistical difference in healing rates after 4 weeks of treatment (52.5, 52 and 47% in nizatidine 150 mg h.s., 150 mg b.i.d. and nizatidine 300 mg h.s., respectively) whereas nizatidine 300 h.s. had a significantly higher healing rate compared to nizatidine 150 mg h.s. and b.i.d. after 8 weeks of treatment (89vs70 and 67%,P<0.05) by uni‐ and multivariate analysis of clinical and endoscopic characteristics. Symptomatic response was not significantly different in these three treated groups. Our study suggested that a half‐single nocturnal dose of nizatidine is not ideal for the treatment of duodenal ulcer in Chinese patients, whereas a single standard nocturnal dose appears more effective than a twice‐daily

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOxygen‐derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Mammalian tissues contain antioxidant systems that offer protection from the damaging effect of these active species. In the present study, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase were measured in rectal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis and compared with that obtained from normal subjects. A significant decrease in the activity of glutathione transferase was observed in ulcerative colitis (48.32 ± 6.73 units/mg protein, mean ± s.e.) compared to normal (68.20 ± 6.83;P= 0.015). There was no difference in the activity of other antioxidant enzymes between controls and ulcerative colitis. Myeloperoxidase, a marker for neutrophil infiltration, was considerably increased in ulcerative colitis while malonaldehyde, the end product of lipid peroxidation, was not increased. The reduced activity of glutathione transferase in ulcerative colitis may be an additional factor in the pathogenesis of mucosal damage in this dis

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the nature and distribution of sulphated macromolecules of the extracellular matrix in rat gastric mucosa. This was achieved by developing anin vivolabelling system.An intraperitoneal injection of 1 mCi [35S]‐sulphate was given for either 4 h (0.01% incorporation into macromolecular fraction) or 8 h (0.13% incorporation). At the end of the labelling period the stomach was removed and the mucosa and submucosa was either taken as a single combined sample or separated into four layers by blunt dissection. Each sample was papain digested and analysed by ion‐exchange chromatography. This analysis revealed sulphated species of differing charge existing in differing proportions throughout the mucosa. These sulphated species eluted at NaCl concentrations of approximately 0 (A), 0.19 (B), 0.34 (C) and 0.78 mol/L (D) from a Q‐Sepharose ion exchange column. Further analysis by size exclusion chromatography and chemical and enzymatic digestion showed that peaks B and C had molecular weights of 2.4 × 105and 2.8 × 105, respectively and were resistant to chondroitinase ABC, heparitinase and nitrous acid digestion. Peak D was found to contain a polydisperse population of molecules with a molecular weight range of approximately 1 × 104to 6 × 104. This sample was susceptible to nitrous acid and chondroitinase ABC digestion and was found predominantly in the sample isolated from deeper in the tissue.We have thus developed anin vivolabelling technique for sulphated macromolecules that can be used in the further study of injury to the gastr

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between the intragastric pH measured by 24 h pH monitoring system and the serum pepsinogen I/II ratio was studied in 68 cases. When pepsinogen I/II ratio was compared with pH 3.0 holding time (the percentage time during which the gastric pH is above 3.0), there was a negative correlation between these two parameters (correlation coefficientr= ‐0.62,P<0.001). Furthermore, there was also a strong negative correlation between the early morning (from 03.00 to 06.00 h) gastric pH and pepsinogen I/II ratio (r= ‐0.76,P<0.001). Accordingly, by simply measuring serum pepsinogen I and II, it may be possible to infer gastric acidity and to obtain the information concerning the early morning intragastric

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses of anticolon antibodies were studied in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentrations of total serum IgG subclasses were also measured by ELISA. The values for total serum IgG subclasses in patients with UC were not significantly different from those in normal controls, while the ratio of IgG1to IgG2in the patients was significantly higher than that in normal controls. All four IgG subclasses of autoantibodies were demonstrated in the sera of the patients. IgG4anticolon antibodies were detected most frequently (15 out of 18 patients, 83%). IgG2was the next most prevalent (9 of 18 patients, 50%). The activity of anticolon antibodies in each subclass did not correlate with the concentration of the corresponding serum IgG subclass. Seven cell lines producing anticolon antibodies were obtained from the colonic mucosa of the patients by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) transformation. IgG subclasses of anticolon antibodies secreted by these cell lines were also varied. IgG4subclass was secreted by three EBV transformed cell lines, all of which produced IgG4anticolon antibodies. These results suggest that all four different IgG subclasses could respond to the colon antigens and that various antigens in colonic mucosa or lumen may contribute to the induction of those autoantibodies. In addition, the prominence of IgG4anticolon antibodies may support the pathogenic role of this subclass in UC as in other autoimmune disea

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have previously reported that the endocytosis of rat plasma kallikrein (RPK) by hepatocytes is a calcium‐independent and beta‐galactoside‐dependent mechanism. We now report the clearance of RPK by the liver of four groups of rats: normal, inflamed (48 h ex‐turpentine) and two groups chronically treated with CCl4(52 mg/kg per week, intragastrically, for 9‐12 weeks). Each liver was isolated, exsanguinated and perfused at 37°C with 30 mL of BSA‐Krebs‐Henseleit‐bicarbonate medium containing 10 nmol/L RPK. Although all rats received the same mild CCl4treatment, the liver histology showed that they evolved either to severe hepatitis (serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] 4852 ± 885 U/L, parenchymatous necrosis in the perivenous region) or to compensated cirrhosis (serum ALT 209 ± 42 U/L, vigorous fibrous encircling regeneration nodules); neither jaundice nor ascites was noted. The results show that serum albumin was not altered among the groups and that: the acute‐phase response by itself (inflamed group) increased RPK clearance rate (3.01 ± 0.59 mL/min) as compared with the normal group (1.85 ± 0.14 mL/min); the CCl4treatment, although induced an acute‐phase response, decreased (P<0.01) RPK clearance rates (0.80 ± 0.11 mL/min hepatitis group and 0.98 ± 0.10 mL/min cirrhosis group). These findings suggest that the hepatic clearance rate of plasma kallikrein is an early

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was performed to evaluate radio‐isotopic imaging using technetium‐99m hexakis 2‐meth‐oxyisobutyl isonitrile administered per rectum to assess portal collateral circulation.The heart‐liver ratios (H/L; mean ± standard deviation) in 15 controls, 13 cases of histologically confirmed viral hepatitis and 57 cirrhosis patients were 0.27 ± 0.11, 0.43 ± 0.14 and 1.00 ± 0.28, respectively (P<0.001). Among the cirrhosis patients those with the Child‐Pugh classification A, B and C had H/L of 0.56 ± 0.14, 1.00 ± 0.20 and 1.19 ± 0.26, respectively (P<0.001). A high value of H/L was associated with a high risk of hepatic encephalopathy (1.25 ± 0.17,P<0.01) and oesophageal varices (1.02 ± 0.20,P<0.01). There were associations between H/L and serum bilirubin (P<0.01), albumin (P<0.05) and prothrombin time (P<0.05). The results also showed a good correlation between H/L and portal vein pressure measured during operation in 13 patients (P<0.001,r= 0.87). The regression equation:y= 6.77 + 32.5 H/L, allowed portal vein pressure to be estimated.The prognostic value of the test was supported by the fact that good correlations were observed between the H/L ratio and widely accepted prognostic classification (Child‐Pugh). It is suggested that this new method could be a reliable non‐invasive way to give an indication of the degree of portasystemic shunting to evaluate the prognosis and to follow up the effects of medications for reducing portal hypertension in patients with cirrh

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY