摘要:

AbstractThere is an increased risk of malignancy—particularly of lymphoma—associated with coeliac disease. Because natural killer (NK) cells are thought to play a role in immune surveillance against tumours, the activity of NK cells was studied in patients with coeliac disease who were being treated with a gluten‐free diet. The 18 patients had a median age of 39 years (range: 13–75) and had been on the gluten‐free diet for a median of 4 years (1 week‐18 years). The NK cell activity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assayed by measuring the51Cr release from labelled K562 cells. The specific cytotoxicity of the cells from the patients were significantly lower than controls at effector: target cell ratios of 100: 1, 50: 1 and 25: 1. The experimental data were fitted to a mathematical model which described the relationship between effector: target cell ratio and specific cytotoxicity. Comparison showed that the maximum NK cytotoxicity by cells from treated patients was significantly less than from controls, and that the cytotoxicity was reduced over the whole range of effector: target

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA double‐blind placebo‐controlled parallel design study was conducted in 12 healthy male volunteers to examine the effects of misoprostol, a newly synthesized prostaglandin E1analogue, on gastric mucosal haemodynamics in human. The indices of mucosal blood volume (expressed as ΔEr) and mucosal blood haemoglobin oxygenation (Hb‐SO2) were measured at 20 locations in the stomach prior to and after administration of misoprostol or its placebo using reflectance spectrophotometry during endoscopy. It was found that after misoprostol administration, mucosal blood volume was increased by approximately 10–25% throughout the stomach without any significant change in mucosal blood Hb‐SO2. Administration of placebo produced no significant change in these parameters. The results suggest that misoprostol has the potential to accelerate healing of gastric ulcers by increasing the gastric mucosal blood volume and oxygenation in addition to its gastric acid antisecretor

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirteen patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia were detected in a group of 1300 patients with chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption. Panhypogammaglobulinaemia was present in ten, selective IgA deficiency in two and in one deficiency of IgA and IgM. Functional antibodies were decreased but still detectable. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia was present in jejunal mucosal biopsies in five and plasma cells were reduced or undetectable in eight. Epithelial lymphocytes were increased. There were only mild abnormalities inin vitrolymphocyte function. While the prevalence ofGiardia lambliawas high in the immunodeficient subjects, the prevalence of other gastrointestinal parasites, pathogenic bacteria, or rotavirus, was not high. The pathogenesis of malabsorption in these patients was not clear. Overall morbidity in these immunodeficient patients was similar to that in reports from temperate countries, in spite of their living in an environment with a high prevalence of pathogens.

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe expression of plasminogen activators was analysed in mucosal homogenates from inflammatory bowel disease patients to determine whether the urokinase‐type (u‐PA) is implicated in the pathogenesis of mucosal tissue injury. Homogenates of mucosal biopsy tissue from ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, infectious colitis and normal control patients were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The types of plasminogen activator present were detected by zones of lysis in a fibrin‐agarose gel overlay. All the tissues studied displayed tissue plasminogen activator activity (t‐PA). In ulcerative colitis, 18 of the 19 diseased colon biopsies, but none of six biopsies from uninvolved areas of the same colon, showed u‐PA activity. Similar results were found in 12 Crohn's disease patients. Biopsies from the infectious colitis group and from radiation colitis patients also showed both u‐PA and t‐PA activity. The age, sex, duration of disease, and presence and type of treatment did not affect u‐PA expression in the inflamed mucosa. The results suggest that u‐PA may be implicated in the mediation of tissue injury in the inflamed

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAscites develops as a result of avid renal sodium retention together with an imbalance of Starling's equilibrium at the level of the hepatic sinusoid and mesenteric capillary. This study aimed to examine the effect of the imbalance between portal pressure, measured as corrected wedged hepatic vein pressure (cWHVP) and plasma oncotic pressure, measured as plasma albumin on the development of cirrhotic ascites. Fifty‐two patients with biopsy‐proven alcoholic cirrhosis were studied on 72 separate occasions. The absence of ascites was determined by the combination of lack of signs of free intraperitoneal fluid and normal prothrombin time in patients not receiving diuretics. If signs of free intraperitoneal fluid were found, the presence of ascites was confirmed by ultrasonography or diagnostic paracentesis and graded clinically as mild, moderate or severe.Ascites tended to occur with a cWHVP>15 mmHg and plasma albumin<35 g/l, but there was a large overlap in values between patients with and without ascites. When plasma albumin was plotted against cWHVP a clear line of separation between the presence or absence of ascites could be obtained. The equation of the line was: Plasma albumin (g/l) ‐ 16 = 1.23 cWHVP (mmHg). Ascites was present in all patients with [Plasma albumin ‐ 16]/cWHVP1.23 diuretics were ceased without reaccumulation of ascites. Thus this ratio may be used to predict when patients no longer require diure

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA young adult male with very advanced hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated hepatocellular carcinoma was treated 3 weekly with a combination of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2per day for 3 days by i.v. bolus) and cisplatin (90 mg/m2on the fourth day by i.v. infusion) and underwent a rapid partial response. However, the treatment resulted in the reactivation of HBV as evidenced by a rise in HBV‐DNA. This is probably related to chemotherapy‐induced immunodepression followed by a rebound phenomenon upon cessation of therapy. This observation calls for close surveillance of HBV positive patients on cytotoxic and/or immuno‐suppressive th

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to clarify the characteristics of infectious mononucleosis hepatitis (IMH) in Japan, 20 cases with IMH treated at Kamo Hospital during the past 6 years (Group I) were analysed in comparison with cases of acute viral hepatitis, especially type A. The test for heterophil antibody was positive in only two cases. During the same period 209 cases were treated for acute viral hepatitis (type A: 77 cases = Group A; type B: 61 cases; type non‐A, non‐B: 71 cases). In Group I the common clinical symptoms and signs were headache, sore throat and lymph node swelling; jaundice was not as common as in Group A. GOT and GPT activities increased moderately in the acute stage, but they were significantly lower than those in Group A. LDH, AP, GGT and LAP activities were disproportionately higher to GPT activity in Group I. Liver biopsy in the convalescent stage showed that lipofuscin deposition and sinusoidal mononuclear cell infiltration were more prominent in Group I, while sinusoidal neutrocyte infiltration and focal necrosis at periportal areas were more common in Group A. Differential diagnosis of the two diseases could be made using these clinical features and histological findings. However, immunological differentiation is required for specific diagnosis because some features such as fever, prolonged elevation of thymol turbidity test, atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blod and predilection for young people were observed in both groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that IMH is no longer rare and most cases do not demonstrate heterophil antibody in Ja

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe diet of male Swiss mice was supplemented with cholesterol and different bile acids, or the plant sterol diosgenin, to determine the effect on cholesterol metabolism and gallstone formation. Cholic acid enhanced intestinal cholesterol absorption and markedly increased cholesterol levels in serum, liver and bile. In contrast, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid inhibited the increase in cholesterol absorption and liver cholesterol content produced by a cholesterol‐supplemented diet. Biliary cholesterol reached saturated levels in mice fed cholesterol and cholic acid or diosgenin, but gallstones were observed only in association with the cholic acid‐containing diet. This diet also induced marked gall‐bladder enlargement with mucus glycoprotein hypersecretion. These results indicate that both supersaturated bile and gall‐bladder mucus production may be necessary for the development of gallstones

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty patients were given cefoperazone (1 g) intravenously over 2–3 min immediately prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In 16 of these subjects an aliquot of common duct bile was obtained via the ERCP cannula at the commencement of the procedure. Therapeutic biliary levels of cefoperazone were found in 10 subjects. Cholestasis and sampling distal to calculi may account for those in whom undetectable levels were found. Multiple samples from one patient showed that the biliary concentration increased with time. Therapeutic serum levels were detected in all patients and no side effects were observe

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recognized in Australian Aboriginals, but epidemiological data on contemporary Aboriginal communities are limited. This study investigated HBV infection in urban Aboriginals from Condobolin, New South Wales, Australia. Sera from 236 Aboriginals and 125 Caucasians were screened by radio‐immunoassay for hepatitis B surface and e antigens, antibodies to surface, e and core antigens (including IgM anti‐HB core—EIA), and antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV). Sera which were positive for HBsAg were tested for hepatitis B e antigen, HBV‐DNA polymerase and HBV‐DNA molecular hybridization. More than half the Aboriginals tested (57.6%) had serological evidence of HBV infection (16.9% HBsAg) and 84.5% had anti‐HAV. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females for any marker. The Caucasians had 7.2% HBV antibodies, no HBsAg and 32.0% anti‐HAV. Aboriginal children in their first decade had 36.0% HBsAg and the prevalence of this antigen fell to 4.2% in Aboriginals over 50 years of age. The opposite age trend was found for antibodies which increased from 16% in children to a peak of 55.2% for adults aged 30–39. Endemic hepatitis B acquired early in life is evident in this Australian Aboriginal urban community. Transmission may be vertical or horizontal or both. Immunoprophylaxis with immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for neonates and seronegative individuals. The 91% prevalence of anti‐HAV in these Aboriginals aged 10–19 years is comparable to that of

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY