摘要:

AbstractNitroglycerin was administered orally to seven patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, to determine whether portal venous pressure (PVP) may be lowered without the systemic effects associated with its intravenous or sublingual use. PVP was measured via direct cannulation of the portal vein transhepatically using a Chiba needle. PVP decreased from 29 (s.d. = 4) to 22.7 (s.d. = 3.7) mmHg (22% mean fall) following 1.2 mg nitroglycerin with onset 7–15 min following ingestion, and the response persisted for up to 150 min. This was not associated with headache in any patient. Although a decrease in blood pressure was seen in most patients, this temporally followed the fall in PVP suggesting that it was a secondary response. Sublingual nitroglycerin was given to two patients without change in PVP yet both experienced severe headache. These findings support the hypothesis that oral nitroglycerin is delivered differentially to the portal venous bed with differential effects on PVP. Further studies are needed to evaluate this agent and this strategy for their potential role in long‐term control of portal press

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstractα1‐Antitrypsin (Pi) phenotypes were determined in 58 Caucasian patients with chronic active hepatitis, in whom there was no evidence for a specific aetiological factor. Pi allele and gene frequencies were compared with frequencies in 1007 Australian Caucasian blood donors. There was an increased frequency of the M1M3 phenotype in chronic active hepatitis patients. In contrast to other studies, there was no increase in the frequency of the MZ phenotype. The chronic hepatitis patients had a gene frequency of 0.034 for Pi Z, compared to 0.012 in blood donors. The difference is not statistically significant. The Pi Z group consisted of one homozygous Pi Z patient, previously diagnosed as having chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis due to α1‐antitrypsin deficiency, and only two heterozygous Pi Z subjects. This study fails to confirm a major association between chronic active hepatitis and heterozygous Pi Z pheno

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSphincter of Oddi phasic motor activity and common bile duct pressure were investigated in controls (seven patients) and in patients with gall‐bladder stones (five patients), common bile duct stones (15 patients), or intrahepatic stones (13 patients). There were no significant differences in amplitude and frequency of the phasic activity or the common bile duct pressure between the controls and disease groups. Basal pressure of the phasic contraction, however, was significantly lower in patients with common bile duct or intrahepatic stones than in the controls or gall‐bladder stone group. The administration of morphine, known to cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, increased the basal pressure and frequency of the phasic waves in all groups, while the amplitude remained unchanged. Response to morphine in patients with common bile duct or intrahepatic stones was similar to the controls. However, the basal pressure in these latter groups was lower than in the controls, even after stimulation by morphine. The high incidence of bacterial growth in bile from these patients hitherto reported may be attributable to ascending infection possibly resulting from the low basal pressure of the sphincter of O

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sero‐epidemiological study was made of 6863 apparently healthy randomly selected volunteers from various parts of Taiwan. It revealed an 18% incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers amongst the general population, the prevalence being significantly higher in males than females (21.7% vs 14.1%). The Takasago natives showed the highest HBsAg carrier rate (27.0%). Those who are primarily derived from Ming Nan had a significantly higher prevalence (19.0%) than those from Hakka (14.7%) and recent immigrants from Mainland China (14.6%). About one‐third of female carriers of child‐bearing age in southern Taiwan were positive for e antigen (HBeAg) in a limited study; they may be an important source of HB virus (HBV) infection. The positivity rate for HBeAg was significantly higher in subjects below 40 years of age (36.7%) than those above 40 years (7.5%). There was a significant association between HBsAg positivity and elevated serum transaminase levels, especially in males; 20.3% of carriers had elevated transaminase in comparison with 11.1% of female carriers. Among HBsAg seronegative individuals, the frequency of abnormal transaminase increased with age with an overall abnormality rate of 10.6% in males and 5.0% in females, suggesting that factors other than HBV may also contribute to liver disease in Taiwan. Altogether, 9.3% had elevated transaminase. Out of 82 randomly selected HBsAg carriers who were evenly distributed in geography, serum antidelta antibody was positive in only five men (6.1%), of whom four had a mild elevation of transaminase levels (<100 KU). The overall positivity rate for anti‐hepatitis A (HA) antibody was 93.0% in southern Taiwan, indicating poor sanitation. These findings indicate that HB and HA virus infections are highly endemic in Taiwan and that delta infection is infrequent despite a high prevalence of HB virus in

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the role of liver in the metabolism of neurotensin‐like immunoreactivity (NTLI) basal and meal‐stimulated levels of plasma NTLI were measured by radioimmunoassay, employing a specificC‐terminal antiserum in: healthy control subjects; patients with cirrhosis of the liver who had previously undergone a portacaval shunt; and patients with cirrhosis of the liver and hepatic failure, without a portacaval shunt. Neurotensin (1–13) was infused into the portal vein of the dog for 60 min, at a dose of 100 pmol/kg per min, and blood sampled simultaneously from the portal, hepatic and peripheral venous systems to determine the hepatic extraction and clearance of NTLI. The results revealed that: the liver is a major site of neurotensin metabolism; transhepatic extraction of exogenous neurotensin was 39%; hepatic clearance of NTLI was about 13 ml/kg per min and the total metabolic clearance of NTLI was 36.8 ml/kg per min (s.e.m. = 4.8) and the t½of NTLI was

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAeromonasspp. have been reported in association with episodes of diarrhoeal illnesses over many years yet they have not been generally accepted as enteric pathogens for humans. Studies of potential virulence factors produced byAeromonasspecies indicate mechanisms by which these bacteria may cause diarrhoea.

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the association of chronic duodenal ulcer (DU) with marital status and psychological factors. Sixty‐six consecutive patients with DU were compared with 66 randomly selected age, sex, and social‐grade matched community controls, with regard to marital status and personality profile. Personality was assessed at interview by the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Costello‐Comrey Personality Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Inventory.It was found that patients with higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and patients who were unmarried were significantly more likely to have DU (odds ratio = 1.2 and 3.3, respectively). None of the other psychometric measures were statistically significant on a multivariate analysis. However, the absolute differences observed and the odds ratio for depression were small. The results suggest that the psychological factors studied were of only minor clinical importanc

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe efficacy, safety and disposition of azodisalicylate, (ADS, Olsalazine) was assessed in patients with left‐sided ulcerative colitis (UC) or proctitis in a double‐blind placebo controlled trial. Thirty patients with a mild‐to‐moderate attack of UC were randomly allocated to ADS capsules 1 g (b.d.) or placebo for 6 weeks; other therapy was ceased. Patients were reviewed weekly and plasma, urine and faecal concentrations of ADS and its metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sigmoidoscopy and biopsy were repeated at 6 weeks.Four patients receiving placebo and two receiving ADS were withdrawn because of diarrhoea. Five patients known to be allergic to sulphasalazine had no adverse reactions to ADS. Good clinical response was found in six patients receiving ADS and in two receiving placebo (P= 0.11). Improvement in sigmoidoscopic findings and histological appearance of rectal biopsies was also seen more frequently in ADS‐treated patients. Plasma concentrations of ADS were significantly higher in patients who improved. Faecal ADS, 5‐ASA and acetyl‐5‐ASA varied widely and showed no correlation with response. ADS showed an advantage over placebo which needs to be confirmed by further studies; it was safe in sulphasalazine‐sensitive patients but appeared to cause watery diarrhoe

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY