摘要:

AbstractChanges in energy metabolism elicited by sodium taurocholate and their relation to cell viability were determined in gastric mucosal cells. Cultured mucosal cells were labelled with rhodamine‐123, a mitochondrial energization‐sensitive fluorescence probe, or by propidium iodide, a fluorochrome which labels the nuclei of non‐viable cells. The cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope with a laser scanning confocal imaging system. After the addition of sodium taurocholate at concentrations>5 mol/L, mucosal cells showed a rapid and significant decrease in rhodamine‐123 fluorescence. A decrease to 40% of the pretreated values at 30 min was seen with a concentration of sodium taurocholate of 7.5mmol/L. A marked increase in the percentage of propidium iodide‐positive cells was noted when the concentration of sodium taurocholate exceeded 5mmol/L. However, the extent of the decrease in rhodamine‐123 fluorescence was always greater than the increase in the percentage of propidium iodide‐positive cells, suggesting that most of these gastric mucosal cells remained viable. It is therefore suggested that the decrease in rhodamine‐123 fluorescence is largely due to the disturbed oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria. Pretreatment of gastric mucosal cells with low concentrations of ethanol resulted in a significant cytoprotective effect against sodium taurocholate injury with significant prevention of a decrease in rhodamine‐123 fluoresence. It is concluded that sodium taurocholate induces a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential preceding cell injury and that the cytoprotective effect of ethanol relates to its attenuation of the

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been generally accepted that basic fibroblast growth factor is a potent stimulator of duodenal ulcer healing. However, the detailed mechanism and mode of action of growth factor on gastric ulcer healing is still controversial. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on gastric mucosal repair were studied using anin vitrocultured cell system. Artificial wounds were made in confluent monolayer rabbit gastric fibroblast and epithelial cell sheets by mechanical denudation. Changes in the size of the cell‐free area were analysed quantitatively. Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU staining. For both cell types, mucosal restoration involved cell migration and proliferation. Although the speed of restoration of epithelial cells was not affected by the addition of basic fibroblast growth factor, it was much faster for epithelial cells than for fibroblasts. Basic fibroblast growth factor accelerated wound repair of fibroblasts but not epithelial cells. Basic fibroblast growth factor accelerated wound repair by stimulating both cell migration and proliferation. Therefore, the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor in peptic ulcer diseases may be mainly due to the stimulation of mesenchymal cell

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a Dutch working population, the apparent association between dyspeptic symptoms andHelicobacter pyloriinfection was found to be entirely due to subjects with an ulcer history. In general populations with a much higher prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection and peptic ulcer disease, such as in Japan, the relationship between dyspepsia andH. pylorihas yet to be clarified. A questionnaire on ulcer history and dyspeptic symptoms during the preceding 3 month period was obtained from apparently healthy Japanese employees who underwent a periodic medical examination. In addition, serum samples were analysed for anti‐H. pyloriIgG antibodies. A total of 196 men and 35 women, aged 23–71 years, participated in the study. Seven women (20%) and 49 men (25%) had a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease. Among 41 subjects with verified duodenal (26) and/or gastric (17) ulcer, 95% wereH. pyloripositive while 32% had had frequent dyspeptic symptoms in the 3 months prior to the study (29% of the 35 men and 50% of the 6 women). Among the 147 men and 28 women without an ulcer history, the 3 month period prevalence of frequent dyspepsia was 14 and 32%, respectively. The rate ofH. pyloripositivity was 80% in non‐ulcer dyspeptics and 68% in all other non‐ulcer subjects (95% confidence intervals: 61–92 and 61–76%, respectively). Significant differences in symptoms betweenH. pyloripositive and negative subjects could not be detected, neither in the whole population nor in the non‐ulcer group. In conclusion, in this Japanese working population, no association was found between dyspeptic symptoms andH. pyloriinfection, irrespective of the inclusion of subjects with a peptic

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of the pylorus in the control of gastric emptying of liquids and digestible solids was investigated in the present study by pylorus excision in six pigs. The pylorus was left intact in another six pigs. Antro‐pyloro‐duodenal motility was recorded by a sleeve sensor and side holes. Liquid emptying was significantly more rapid in pylorus excised than in pylorus intact animals, during intraduodenal infusion of isosmolar dextrose (712 mLvs107 mL), fatty acid (402 mLvs46 mL), amino acids (752 mLvs112 mL), 25% dextrose (392 mLvs51 mL) and 3 normal saline (705 mLvs157 mL). In pylorus excised animals, in contrast to pylorus intact animals, the manometric pattern of isolated pyloric pressure waves at the distal stomach was rarely seen (P<0.05). In a second series of experiments, pylorus excised animals emptied significantly more (P<0.04) meat over 120 min (181 g) than pylorus intact animals (80 g), but the proportion of particle sizes emptied was unaltered. In the pig, localized pyloric contractions are important for retardation of gastric emptying when nutrient or hyperosmolar solutions enter the duodenum. By contrast, the pylorus is unimportant in determining the size of solid particles emptied from the stom

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that a point mutation at codon 249 in the p53 gene predominates in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases from Southern Africa and China, where infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and contamination of aflatoxin B1in food are risk factors for HCC. This unique mutation from G to T at the third base in codon 249 observed in human HCC cases is suggested to be linked to aflatoxin exposure. Six ducks with HCC, five of which were fed a diet containing aflatoxin B1for 1–2 years, were analysed for the presence of point mutations at this codon of the p53 gene by polymerase chain reaction and direct nucleotide sequencing. None of the six ducks with HCC showed the change at this codon regardless of duck hepatitis B virus infection. This suggests that aflatoxin B1itself might not be involved in the unique mutation at codon 249 in hepatocar‐cinogenesis, or that other factors coincident with aflatoxin may be responsible for this unique mutat

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe angiogenic process plays an important role in tumour growth and metastasis during hepatocarcinogenesis, but it is still uncertain when the process begins during tumour formation. Forty‐two small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) that measured either less than or equal to 2 cm in diameter were studied by comparing the histologic findings with the angiographic findings, and with immunohistochemical expression of endothelial marker QB‐end/10 (QB), a new monoclonal antibody raised against CD34, in the sinusoidal wall. Twenty (91%) of 22 moderately or poorly differentiated HCC revealed a positive reaction for QB, while only eight (40%) of 20 well differentiated HCC demonstrated a positive reaction (P<0.01). In the tumours showing a ‘nodule in nodule’ appearance, the less differentiated areas were more reactive for QB. Twenty‐three (82%) of 28 QB positive tumours were hypervascular, while only three of 14 (21%) QB negative tumours were hypervascular (P<0.01) by angiography. All six of the poorly differentiated and 13 (81%) of the 16 moderately differentiated tumours were hypervascular, while only seven (35%) of 20 well differentiated HCC were hypervascular (P<0.01). These results indicate that as the tumour becomes less differentiated, the QB positive areas become wider and angiography demonstrates hypervascularity. We therefore speculate that the HCC sinusoids acquire the characteristics of capillary and precapillary blood vessels during de‐differentiation from well to moderate, and thus the tumour begins to reveal hypervascularity on angiography. The above process may be correlated with the stepwise progres

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDeoxythymidine kinase (TK; EC 2.7.1.21) activity in the liver has been used as a marker of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. In this study we examined TK activity of various organs, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNC) in 70% partially hepatectomized rats. TK activity of lymph nodes, small intestine, heart, lung, kidney and thymus did not increase significantly during the course of the study, except for spleen at 72 h. On the other hand, PMNC‐TK and liver cystolic TK activity increased in a parallel fashion at all times after partial hepatectomy; they began to increase 12 h after surgery and peaked 48 h post‐surgery. Fractionation of PMNC into T cells and B cells revealed that both populations increased and peaked 48 h post‐surgery. Plasma TK peaked 12–24 h after surgery, then declined at 36, 48 and 72 h after partial hepatectomy. This change paralleled plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). PMNC‐TK activity correlated significantly with liver cystolic TK activity 24 h (r = 0.743;P<0.05) and 48 h (r = 0.708;P<0.05) after partial hepatectomy. However, it did not correlate with plasma levels of TK, AST and ALT. The results indicate that in the early stage of liver regeneration PMNC‐TK may provide a marker of liver regenerativ

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBetween 1988 and 1992 ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsies of thromboses in the main branches of the portal vein were carried out in 15 patients with liver cirrhosis. The aims of the study were to evaluate the usefulness, feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of this procedure in cirrhotics with known or suspected hepatocellular carcinoma. The procedure was carried out only in patients with a platelet count ≥40 000/μL and prothrombin activity ≥40%. A single pass, with a 22 gauge spinal needle, was performed in the portal vein lumen. Diagnosis of the aetiology of the portal vein thrombosis was obtained in all 15 cases. In 12 cases, a cytological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was made. In one case, the neoplastic cells aspirated were compatible with adenocarcinoma, and a subsequent colonoscopy confirmed the presence of colonic cancer. The material aspirated was compatible with chemically‐induced thrombosis in one patient who had undergone several percutaneous ethanol injection sessions for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, and in the last case only blood was aspirated, thus ruling out the coexistence of hepatic cancer. We conclude that fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis is a feasible, low risk procedure that facilitates the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma when fine needle biopsy of focal liver lesions fails. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis is also useful in excluding neoplastic aetiology of portal vein th

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith current therapeutic regimens, sustained responses occur in no more than 25% of patients with chronic hepatitis C who are treated with interferon. Relapses occur usually within 6 months from therapy suspension, but clinical and virologic recurrencies can be observed as late as after 3 years of follow up. The rate of long‐term responses seems to depend on the dosage and the period of administration of interferon, but the best therapeutic protocol remains unknown. As a direct marker of permanent recovery is not available, indirect signs of disease resolution are: (i) continuously normal alanine aminotransferase levels; (ii) clearance of HCV‐RNA; (iii) disappearance of anti‐C100/NS4; and (iv) significant histological improvements assessed at least 2 years after therapy withdrawal. Known baseline predictive features of long‐term response are the absence of cirrhosis, low viraemic levels and infection with HCV of type III or IV genotype (Okamoto's classification). According to recent reports, the lower the heterogeneity of the hypervariable region of the envelope 2 gene of HCV, the higher the chance of a sustained remission. There is not yet any consensus on the efficacy of a second therapeutic course of interferon in inducing a permanent response, and controlled trials are needed to clarify thi

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY