摘要:

Diurnal variations in serum levels, urinary excretion and renal clearances of pepsinogen A and pepsinogen C were investigated in eight healthy volunteers during a consecutive 63‐h observation period. Both serum pepsinogen A and pepsinogen C levels proved to be stable and unaffected by meals. Urinary excretion of pepsinogen A, and thus pepsinogen A clearance by the kidney, increased during the day. These changes might be related to food intake. Pepsinogen C and creatinine excretion were constant throughout the day as were the renal clearances of these substances. It is concluded that the kidney plays an important role in maintaining stable serum pepsinogen A levels despite changes in release of pepsinogen A into the circulation during the day. Changes in urinary excretion of pepsinogen A might reflect more accurately short‐term changes in gastric secretory activity than do serum levels. The handling of pepsinogen C by the kidney needs further investigat

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mechanisms by which increases in cytosolic calcium promote ion‐secretion in the intestinal epithelium may involve the phosphorylation of key transport proteins in the microvillus membrane. Using both direct and indirect methods evidence has been provided for two distinct calcium‐regulated protein kinase activities in rat small intestinal epithelium — one activated by phosphatidylserine (C‐kinase), the other by calmodulin (CDR‐kinase).C‐kinase activity was identified in cytosolic and particulate fractions including purified brush border membranes using a specific histone substrate. In the presence of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol, calcium markedly stimulated enzyme activity, half‐maximal effects occurring at 2.8X10‐7mol/1 free calcium. Phorbol esters, known activators of C‐kinase, were also shown to stimulate the phosphorylation of an endogenous peptide (Mr = 94 000) in cell homogenates.The addition of exogenous calmodulin (10–100 μg/ml) stimulated a 50–75% increase in the labelling of peptide (Mr = 50 000–55 000). Trifluoperazine (0.1–10 μmol/l) inhibited basal phosphorylation of this and other peptides suggesting the likely involvement of a protein kinase activated by endogenous levels of calmodulin. Cytosolic fractions were also able to phosphorylate purified myosin light chains, a known substrate for CDR‐kinase, in the presence of submicromolar concentrations of free calcium (ED50= 2.4X10‐7mol/l) although no direct stimulation of this activity by calmodulin could be demonstrated. MLC‐phosphorylated activity was not id

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of cow milk protein (CMP), soy protein (SP) and protein hydrolysate formula (PHF), on clinical and mucosal recovery was studied in 26 infants with acute gastroenteritis associated with acquired carbohydrate intolerance.Following rehydration the infants were regraded onto cows' milk. Of seven infants intolerant to the CMP six did not tolerate lactose‐free CMP and SP but thrived on PHF; the other infant was intolerant to lactose‐free CMP but accepted the SP. Of another 12 infants intolerant to CMP, eight tolerated SP and four did not but thrived on PHF. Seven other young infants who presented with severe clinical symptoms were placed directly on PHF. Biopsies were performed at initial illness, during the illness and following clinical recovery. The infants had a damaged mucosa while on an intolerant formula. The disaccharidase levels of the biopsy were low during the initial illness but increased rapidly during the recovery period. Rapid clinical and mucosal recovery was observed in nine infants who tolerated SP and 17 infants on PHF.CMP challenge was conducted in 26 infants and 16 infants had cows' milk protein sensitive enteropathy (CMPSE) indicating that CMPSE was the basis for the persistent diarrhoea and impaired mucosal recovery in these 16 infants. The role of food protein sensitive enteropathy and other factors influencing the clinical course and mucosal recovery in young infants with acute gastroenteritis is discus

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study consisted of 10 994 inpatients with peptic ulcer in Shan Dong province. The ratio of duodenal to gastric ulcer was 1.59 : 1. The ratio of males to females was 6.8 : 1 for duodenal ulcer and 4.6 : 1 for gastric ulcer. The highest incidence was in adolescence and young adults and the presentation occurred more commonly in winter. A study of blood groups revealed that there was no relationship between blood group and duodenal or gastric ulcer. The majority (71.9%) of patients with peptic ulcer had complications of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation or gastric outlet obstruction. Bleeding and obstruction were equally common in gastric and duodenal ulcer, but perforation was more common in gastric ulcer.

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bombesin has been demonstrated to stimulate gastrin release by an atropine‐resistant mechanism. In the present study, the effects of truncal vagotomy and chemical sympathectomy on the gastrin release by exogenous and endogenous bombesin using rat antral mucosa in tissue culture were studied. Exogenous bombesin 10‐8mol/l significantly stimulated gastrin release. The stimulation of gastrin release by bombesin was abolished by truncal vagotomy, but not altered by chemical sympathectomy. Bombesin antiserum inhibited gastrin release by blocking the effect of endogenous bombesin. The inhibition of gastrin release by bombesin antiserum was abolished by truncal vagotomy, but not altered by chemical sympathectomy. In addition, the concentrations of bombesin‐like immunoreactivity in antral mucosa were not altered by truncal vagotomy. These results suggest that the mechanism of gastrin release by bombesin is influenced by non‐cholinergic local nerves under vagal

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding still causes significant morbidity and mortality in spite of an aggressive medical and surgical approach. Endoscopic methods of treatment promise early and effective non‐surgical control of bleeding. Endoscopic injection of ethanol has been used to control gastrointestinal bleeding in a prospective study of 28 high risk patients. Twenty‐two had chronic ulcers (12 duodenal, 10 gastric) and six had angiodysplastic lesions (three gastric, three caecal). The 22 patients with chronic peptic ulcers were either elderly (median age 69 years) or had serious associated medical disorders (73%); 64% presented with shock. Primary haemostasis was achieved in all, but two re‐bled from their ulcer. Surgery was required in one patient who re‐bled 48 h after treatment and in one patient with an ulcer which perforated 45 days after injection; three patients with chronic ulcers refractory to medical therapy also underwent surgery. One patient developed a closed perforation of an antral ulcer after treatment which settled with conservative management; two patients died from causes unrelated to their ulcer. It is concluded that ethanol sclerosis is a safe, effective method for controlling bleeding from chronic peptic ulcers and angiomatous malfor

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of neonatal thymectomy on a model of auto‐immune hepatitis prepared by immunizing A/J mice with syngeneic crude liver proteins were studied. Hepatitis was more severe in neonatally thymectomized mice (Group B) than in non‐thymectomized controls (Group A). Changes in the hepatic lobules were reduced in both groups 3 months after the final immunization, but inflammation around the portal areas tended to persist in Group B; only this group showed frequent infiltration of mononuclear cells accompanied by destruction of the limiting plate in the portal area. The serum level of auto‐antibody to liver‐specific membrane lipoprotein complex (LSP) and delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to LSP were higher in Group B than in Group A. The auto‐antibody to LSP was positive in both groups 3 months after the final immunization. Although it was significantly reduced in Group A compared with the level 3 days after the final immunization, it remained high in Group B. Liver damage, production of the auto‐antibody to LSP and DTH to LSP were reduced by adoptive transfer of normal murine spleen cells, but the spleen cells of neonatally thymectomized mice showed no such effects. These results suggest that normal spleen cells possess the capability of suppressing auto‐immune hepatitis, and the defect of this capability due to T‐cell dysfunction by neonatal thymectomy contributes to the promotion and persistence of auto

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of hepatitis δ virus (HDV) was evaluated in 1027 HBsAg positive people living in five provinces, two municipalities and four autonomous regions of China. Seventeen people had antibodies to HDV (anti‐HD — 13 of 454 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg, two of 151 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and two of 59 patients with chronic active hepatitis). All of those who were anti‐HD lived in the autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia, Tibet, and Xi

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY