摘要:

Human plasminogen activators (HPA) comprise the tissue type produced mainly by endothelial cells of 66 000 molecular weight (MW) which is principally involved in fibrinolysis (HPA66) and the urokinase type of 52 000 MW (HPA52) which is implicated in the invasion process of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pattern of HPA expression in histologically normal colonic mucosa, sporadic polyps, polyposis coli polyps, and in colon cancer tissue, to determine whether the expression of HPA52 is a correlate of neoplastic transformation of colonic epithelial cells. Homogenates of colonoscopic biopsies and resected colon tissue were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the HPA activity was detected by a fibrin overlay gel. In histologically normal mucosal biopsies from non‐cancer‐bearing colons and in uninvolved mucosa from cancer‐bearing colons, only HPA66 was detected. By contrast, all 19 colon cancer specimens expressed HPA52 and 16 of these also showed HPA66 activity. Two of three colon cancer cell lines showed HPA52 activity, but none expressed HPA66. HPA52 activity was observed in 17 of 20 adenomatous polyps, all of which displayed HPA66 activity. No correlation was found between polyp size, degree of epithelial dysplasia or the type of polyp architecture, and the semiquantitative estimates of HPA52 activity as judged by the areas of fibrinolysis generated.This study of HPA52 in the colon epithelial neoplasms comprising adenomatous polyps, colon cancer tissue and colon cancer cell lines suggests that the transformation of the colon epithelial cell correlates with increased expression of HPA52, an enzyme that has been implicated in the invasive process of malig

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concept of ‘cytoprotection’ is derived from observations that exogenous prostaglandins protect the gastric mucosa against injurious agents at doses insufficient to inhibit acid secretion. Measurements of the extent of cytoprotection generally rely on inspection of the open stomach for assessment of the extent of damage. Recent studies indicate that such macroscopic criteria are inaccurate. This study reports the development of quantitative histological techniques that enable valid studies of cytoprotection. Using a rat model of cytoprotection, injury was induced with 1 ml of absolute ethanol. Cytoprotection was induced with 25 μg prostaglandin E2(PG) intragastrically 15 or 30 min prior to ethanol exposure. The area of macroscopic damage was measured with a computer‐based digitizer. Semi‐thin plastic sections of eight separate areas of the stomach were examined histologically and the length and depth of damage were measured using the digitizer. Surface area and volume of mucosal damage were calculated from these values. On macroscopic assessment after exposure to ethanol for 15 min, 44.6% of the surface appeared damaged. After pretreatment with PG the extent of ethanol damage appeared to be reduced. On microscopic assessment, however, the extent of damage was much greater with 94.5% of the surface damaged after ethanol alone and 73.7% surface damaged after pretreatment with PG. Thus, macroscopic assessment clearly underestimates the extent of damage. However, these data do indicate that PG protects the surface epithelium from the effects of ethanol. A much clearer demonstration of protection is evident from measurement of the volume of mucosa damaged. After ethanol alone, 31.5% of the mucosal volume was damaged compared with 3.8% when pretreatment by PG was given. When measurements were performed after exposure to ethanol for 30 min, significantly less surfacearea damage was present in the ethanol group. All other measurements were not different from the 15 min results. This study confirms the existence of cytoprotection, but indicates that macroscopic assessment underestimates the extent of damage, particularly in the cytoprotected stomach.Techniques for accurate microscopic measurement of the extent of damage are described which permit comparison between different cytoprotectiv

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gastrin and somatostatin containing cells are abundant in the gastric antral mucosa suggesting a role for these peptides in gastric physiology, presumably acid secretion. The concentration of these peptides in antral mucosa in ulcer disease is controversial, some finding normal levels, others decreased somatostatin levels. Biopsies of antral mucosa from patients with ulcer disease and non‐ulcer dyspepsia were obtained at endoscopy, and somatostatin and gastrin concentration were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. Levels were similar in non‐ulcer, duodenal and gastric ulcer patients but prior treatment with H2‐receptor antagonists in duodenal ulcer patients led to a fall in somatostatin and a rise in gastrin mucosal levels. It is thus unlikely that a lack of somatostatin or an increase in gastrin are factors in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer, but the cells may behave abnormally in ulcer di

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anin situstomach lumen‐perfusion technique is described for measuring the gastric acid output in anaesthetized rats. With this technique, 0.15 mol/l NaCl was continuously perfused into the gastric lumen and the outflowing perfusate was collected. The pH value of the out‐flowing perfusate was recorded every minute for 10 min, and after correcting for the change of volume, the pH values were converted into hydrogen ion activity. The basal gastric acid output in a group of 25 rats thus studied was 9.7 μmol H+/kg per 10 min (s.e.m. = 1.12,n= 25). Local blockade of opiate receptors in the gastric mucosa was performed by adding naloxone to the NaCl perfusate for 30 min. Naloxone at three concentrations, 0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/l, did not produce a significant change of the basal gastric output. Pentagastrin (0.05–20 μg/kg, i.v.) increased the basal gastric acid output in a dose‐dependent manner. Naloxone (10 μmol/l) significantly shifted the pentagastrin‐stimulated gastric acid output response curve to the right (P<0.05, analysis of variance), and produced a sixfold change of pentagastrin dose. The results suggest that the opiate receptor in the gastric mucosa might affect gastric acid secretion by interacting with gastrin receptors. Local blockade of the opiate receptor by naloxone decreased the pentagastrin‐stimula

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although uncommon in developed countries gastrointestinal tuberculosis is an important treatable disease and the diagnosis is often difficult. Between November 1982 and November 1985 tuberculosis was diagnosed in 544 patients at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh. Of these 55 (10.11%) had tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract confirmed by histology and/or microbiology, from material obtained during surgical exploration or endos‐copy. Disease was located in the oesophagus and stomach (4), small bowel (18), large bowel (15), peritoneum (21) and liver (11). The proportion of alimentary tract tuberculosis found in this study is high when compared with other reports. The presentation, diagnosis and response to treatment of these 55 patients is described and the value of endoscopy in diagnosis is illustrate

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bile acid composition in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues from eight non‐hyperbilirubinaemic patients was compared with that in the neighbouring liver tissues. Quantitation of bile acids was carried out using selected ion monitoring. Significant amounts (>14 pmol/mg liver) of bile acids were found to be present in HCC tissues of all patients. In four patients, the concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid was higher in HCC than the corresponding neighbouring liver tissues, whereas those of other bile acids were less. The ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acid was lower in HCC than in adjacent liver tissues in seven out of eight patients. This may indicate predominant synthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid in HCC tissues. The large inter‐individual variation in bile acid concentration and composition of HCC tissues may result from the grade of anaplasia of HCC cells. 3β‐Hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid, thought to be excreted in increased amounts in the urine of HCC patients, was shown to be a minor constituent of HCC tissues and of the neighbouring liver tissues in most patients, indicating that the C26‐hydroxylation pathway plays a minor role. Unusual bile acids, such as 23‐nor‐3α,7α,12α‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholanoic, 3β,7β‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholanoic, 7‐oxo‐3α,12α‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholanoic and 12‐oxo‐3α,7α‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholanoic acids, were found in trace amounts

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Infants at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from their hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive mothers are prime targets for early HBV immunization. The usefulness of fingerprick blood of pregnant women as a surrogate marker to identify infants who would need immunization soon after birth was evaluated. Using HBeAg from venous blood as the standard, the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by reverse passive haemagglutination in capillary blood yielded an overall sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 96% for detecting HBeAg at a cutoff titre of 22.5. Pregnant women with a capillary HBsAg titre of 22.5or greater are 24 times more likely to infect their babies, while the chances of transmitting HBV infection with a titre lower than the cutoff point are almost nil. When the cost of HBV vaccine eventually comes down to levels suitable for public health use, a cutoff titre of 22.5is suggested in order to identify infants who should be vaccinated soon after birt

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01614.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Antibody response to vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine was evaluated in 39 haemodialysis patients. Three injections of 20 μg of the vaccine were given at time 0, 1 and 6 months. The seroconversion rate for the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) was 2.6% at 1 month, 15.4% at 2 months, 33.3% at 4 months, 41.0% at 6 months and 59.0% at 7 months (males 53.6%, females 72.7%). Thus, with three injections, the seroconversion rate was significantly smaller and antibody titres were lower compared with 348 healthy control subjects. No correlation was observed between the anti‐HBs seroconversion rate and lymphocyte subsets (OKT4/OKT8). When two additional injections were given at 9 and 10 months to 19 haemodialysis patients with an S/N ratio (the ratio of ct/min in the sample to mean ct/min in negative controls) smaller than 10 at 7 months, 16 patients (84.2%) developed anti‐HBs and elevated antibody titres. Accordingly, the response rate of all haemodialysis patients 12 months after the first injection was elevated to 92.3% and was as high as that in normal subjects. At 24 months, the response rate had gradually declined to 64.1% accompanied with lowered antibody titres. There were no serious side effects.From these results, it was concluded that the most effective dose and schedule for optimal hepatitis B immunization and booster injections should be decided in haemodialysis patients with low antibody

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01615.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective survey on all patients undergoing fibreoptic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a 3 month period was conducted to determine the risk of transmission of hepatitis B. Four hundred and sixty‐eight patients underwent 637 endoscopy examinations in 47 endoscopy sessions. Of these, 15% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 58.9% anti‐HBs/anti‐HBc‐positive and 26.1% negative for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers on entry into the study. One hundred and eleven patients with no HBV markers underwent endoscopy during the same sessions as 69 HBsAg‐positive patients. Forty of these patients were endoscoped subsequent to HBeAg‐positive patients on at least one occasion. None of the HBV‐negative patients seroconverted to HBsAg or anti‐HBs/anti‐HBc at the end of 6 months. It was demonstrated that with a standard cleaning procedure there was no evidence of endoscopic transmission of HBV infection even i

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bilirubin in human bile was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and seven peaks were identifiable. There was no difference in the proportion of bilirubin between the B bile and C bile from healthy humans obtained by the Meltzer‐Lyon method. HPLC coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on bilirubin after diazotization permitted differentiation between endovinyl and exovinyl conjugates of bilirubin.In patients with Gilbert's syndrome, type II Crigler‐Najjar syndrome, and haemolytic anaemia, the proportion of bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG) in the C bile decreased, and that of bilirubin monoglucuronide (BMG) increased. In patients with type II Crigler‐Najjar syndrome, marked elevations in BMG and bilirubin IXα and decreases in bilirubin monoglucuronide monoglucoside diester (BGG) and bilirubin monoglucuronide monoxyloside diester (BGX) were observed. In normal subjects and patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, the diazobased indirect‐reacting bilirubin levels in blood and the proportion of BMG in bile were in good correlation. In patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis, there was no difference in the bilirubin composition in bile as compared to normal subjects, except for slight elevations in BGG observed in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. In gallbladder bile obtained from patients with cholelithiasis, bilirubin IXα increased, suggesting some deconjugati

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb01617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY