摘要:

ABSTRACTPatients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy have been shown to have low serum zinc levels. Moreover, in a controlled study, significant improvement was seen in these patients on oral zinc supplementation. Information on zinc status in fulminant hepatic failure is insufficient. Serum and urinary zinc abnormalities were studied in 22 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and they were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The mean serum zinc values were significantly less in patients with FHF (72.7 ± 3.7 μg/100 mL versus 107.9 ± 6.2 μg/100 mL) while the urinary zinc values were significantly higher compared with controls (603.5 ± 9.3 μg/24 h versus 334.4 ± 10 μg/24 h). The serum zinc levels significantly and progressively decreased, while urinary zinc significantly increased after admission in patients with FHF. The serum zinc values in the group that survived were significantly higher than those in the group of patients who died. Correspondingly, urinary zinc was lower in survivors than in the group that expired. This study indicates that serum and urinary zinc levels could be used as a prognostic indicator in FHF. A therapeutic trial with zinc supplementation is justified in this group

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTLarge natural/spontaneous shunts on splenoportovenography were demonstrated in 10 of 93 patients with non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis. There was significantly less bleeding in patients with spontaneous shunt than in those having no shunt. Large oesophageal varices (grade III‐IV) were seen more frequently in patients without spontaneous sh

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe study of membrane fluidity is a rapidly expanding field of research and its interest in hepatology has been stressed recently. The present study is the first report concerned with the determination of membrane fluidity of isolated rat hepatocytes. The data have been compared with those obtained in plasma membrane fractions and subfractions (basolateral or canalicular) derived from homogenates. The fluorescent probes used to measure the fluidity were diphenylhexatriene (DPH) a ‘classical’ probe, and its derivative trimethylammoniodi‐phenxylhexatriene (TMA‐DPH) at 25°C and at 37°C. The values obtained with DPH were lower than those with TMA‐DPH, probably due to the localization of the probes in different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. In addition, DPH revealed significant differences in the fluorescence polarization values obtained in isolated hepatocytes compared with membrane fractions, which was in contrast to TMA‐DPH, where the respective values were of the same order of magnitude. This behaviour is probably due to the mobility of DPH in the membrane core and its rapid internalization into the cell, whereas TMA‐DPH remains anchored for a long time on the cell surface. These findings suggest that TMA‐DPH is a better probe than DPH for measuring the fluorescence polarization of whole isolated hepatocytes and that the use of different probes might be of help in exploring different zones of the

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAbstract The effects of ethanol and its metabolites on collagen synthesis in cultured rat Ito cells and hepatocytes were studied. In cultured Ito cells, collagen synthetic ability reached peak values after incubation for 24 h and after 8 h in cultured hepatocytes. The distribution patterns of14C‐activity in each collagen fraction were quite different between the two cell types. About 80% of the activity was found in the degraded collagen fraction in the cultured hepatocytes, indicating a rapid turn‐over of collagen protein in this cell type. In the Ito cells, the activity in the intact collagen was about 50%. Ethanol and its metabolites added to the incubation medium did not stimulate collagen synthesis in either cell type; rather, they inhibited it. Collagen metabolism in the cells to which ethanol or its metabolites had been added was slower than in the control medium. These results indicate that the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver fibrosis is not simple and that interaction or modulation of cell function in different types of cells should be considered when examining the mechanisms of fibrogenesis in alcoholic liver fibro

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAbstract The hypotheses that intrahepatic bile ducts are derived either by a transformation of periportal liver cells or by dichotomous branching of the extrahepatic bile ducts were investigated in fetal and postnatal rat livers by histological and immunohistochemical methods using an antiserum to prekeratin which, in the liver, binds to biliary epithelial cells (BEC). In conventionally stained sections, bile duct development was observed to begin in the 19 day fetus around the larger branches of the portal vein, with the formation of lumina surrounded by cuboidal or elongated hepatoblast‐like cells on the portal aspect and readily distinguished hepatoblasts on the lobular aspect. At 21 days, these structures had developed into canals of Hering lined jointly by recognizable liver cells and BEC. The number of canals of Hering per portal tract peaked at 22 days’ gestation and diminished in number at birth and over the ensuing 56 h, with a concomitant increase in fully formed ducts. Bile ducts lined completely by BEC were first found at 20 days. Immunohistochemically, prekeratin antigens were first detected at 20 days in duct‐like structures not only in phenotypic BEC but also in adjacent cells with an hepatoblast phenotype. Such intermediate cells were present until birth. These findings support the view that intrahepatic bile ducts develop by a reorganization and modulation of the periportal hepatoblasts t

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00831.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAbstract Mesenteric ischaemia remains a frequently lethal condition. An improvement in survival is only likely with earlier diagnosis. Even with action upon early diagnosis and reestablishment of circulation, fatal shock often follows.This study was designed to determine the possible role of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in the haemodynamic pathophysiology of acute mesenteric arterial ischaemia and whether measurement of these peptides would have diagnostic potential.Fourteen anaesthetized sheep were studied, seven with acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion and seven with acute superior mesenteric and coeliac artery (SMA + CA) occlusion. Changes in peptide levels and haemodynamic changes were similar in the two experimental groups, but were more pronounced in the more severe ischaemia of SMA + CA occlusion.No major changes in systemic plasma gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) occurred during ischaemia. There was, however, a fivefold increase in VIP in portal venous plasma during SMA + CA occlusion. In the reperfusion period there were increases in VIP concentrations in both systemic and portal circulations in both groups.During ischaemia there was a rise in mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance and a fall in cardiac output. Reperfusion was characterized by systemic and splanchnic vasodilation coincident with the rise in systemic plasma VIP. It is concluded that VIP which is released from the ischaemic intestine is likely to mediate a component of vasodilation seen during reperfusion.

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00832.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAbstract The effect of smoking on gastric secretion was studied in 15 consecutive patients with duodenal ulcer – six normosecretors (basal acid output ≤ 3 mEq/h), and nine hypersecretors (basal acid output>3 mEq/h). The volume, acid output, acid concentration, and pH of the gastric juice measured before, during and after 1 h of smoking did not show any significant difference in these patients taken as a single group, or when the normosecretors and hypersecretors were analysed as separate groups (P>0.05 for each parameter in each group). The higher acid output before and during smoking in hypersecretors than in normosecretors was due to the higher acid concentration in the gastric juice (P<0.01). Study of the pH curves of the gastric juice after acute smoking showed that hypersecretors had a lower pH for a longer duration compared with normosecretors. This could make the hypersecretors with a history of chronic smoking more prone to developing duodenal ul

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAbstract The susceptibility to ethanol‐induced lesions was studied in rats with experimental hypertrophic gastropathy, in order to examine the nature of gastric mucosal resistance in this condition. Acute erosions were induced by a standard per os method of administration with graded concentrations of ethanol; underlying mucosal hypertrophic gastropathy was induced by infection withTaenia taeniaeformis.The gastric mucosal content of histamine and serotonin was also assessed. Hypertrophic gastropathy was characterized by mucus cell hyperplasia, greatly increased stomach weight, increased mucosal content of histamine, and no effect in resistance to gastric injury induced by graded doses of ethanol. Correlated changes in serotonin content with treatment were not observed, but mucosal histamine content was correlated inversely with ethanol administration in both parasite‐infected and non‐infected rats. This model of hypertrophic gastropathy could be of interest to study the pathogenesis of hypertrophic gastropathy and its response to known injurious a

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAbstract The use of DNA probes within or near disease genes is becoming increasingly important in clinical medicine. Probes are available for prenatal and carrier diagnosis for several of the more than 100 genetic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. These include familial adenomatous polyposis, haemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis, α1‐antitrypsin deficiency and the hereditary porphyrias. This review uses examples drawn from such diseases to show the relevance of these approaches to the clinici

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY