ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_1

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_2

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In psychosocial research, it is common to publish work that utilizes new measures designed for the particular project undertaken The wisdom of such a strategy is questionable given (a) the psychometric requirements that must be met for an effective new measure and (b) the rather high probability that an appropriate measure already exists This article describes the expectations and pitfalls in creating new measures for psychosocial research along with an illustrative example Strategies for locating existing measures are suggested Finally, research on the measurement of play is used as an example of the futility of constructing new measures and the value of searching for extant assessment tools.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_3

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Despite the fact that opioid analgesics represent the mainstay for the treatment of postoperative pain in children, little attention has been directed toward measuring the incidence and intensity of opioid-induced side effects Given the potential for opioid-induced side effects to occur, techniques for precise measurement of these side effects in children need to be evaluated This paper critiques various approaches used to measure four of the most clinically significant opioid-induced side effects in children, namely, alterations in mental status and motor function, respiratory depression, and cardiovascular changes.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_4

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The study's purpose was to determine if children, their parents, and their nurses differ in their perception of pain associated with health care procedures A convenience sample of 40 subjects was obtained in a pediatric clinic The subjects were triads of a child, the child's parent, and the nurse The study utilized an exploratory design Self-reports of pain were measured using the Oucher scale Data were collected during a routine physical examination that included an immunization Subjects rated the child's perceived pain after the immunization No significant differences were found between the child's and the parents scores A significant difference was found between the childs and nurse's score (p = 0084) Initial findings suggest that there are differences in pain perception between nurses and children.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_5

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Experiences that pediatric burn patients perceived as painful were studied Subjects included 44 children with a mean burn size of 35% total body surface area and a mean age of 12 1 years Each child identified seven painful experiences, ranked them from most to least painful and gave a "worst possible" pain imaginable Experiences could be physical or psychological, burn-related or not, and could include recent or past experiences Eighteen children listed their burn as the most painful Twenty-three children did not mention their burn Most painful experiences included accidents specific procedures, and psychological pain Eight children imagined the worst possible pain as being burned again Other children identified fears of mutiltation as the worst possible pain.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_6

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to examine words and their meaning when used by children describing their experiences with pain Eight children (6-8 years) participated A semistructured interview was conducted in which each child was asked to draw a picture of pain or hurt, what it looked like, or experiences they had had that were painful or hurtful Data were coded by concepts, sorted into categories, and examined with four overall themes emerging Each of the children related experiences through their drawings and conversation that were encompassed in the identified themes Young school-age children could clearly communicate their pain and the methods that helped alleviate it This information can be used by health professionals to improve clinical assessment of pain in children.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_7

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Child temperament has been of interest to researchers clinicians, and caregivers for many years The New York Longitudinal Study identified nine dimensions of child temperament, several additional investigations have contributed to the development of this important construct These studies and the subsequent development of temperament instruments have stimulated debate, research, and opposing theories Currently, there is not a single definition of temperament and there are many psychometric problems with the available temperament instruments However, temperament in children will continue to raise interesting questions for parents, researchers, clinicians, and caregivers.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_8

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Discusses the development of an irritability scale based upon the perceptions of nurses who work with hospitalized infants with chronic illness effecting their oxygenation. Theoretical framework of the scale; Number of behavioral items developed after the review of literature on infant temperature, development, crying, irritability and pain; Checks and measures for the reliability and validity of the observations.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2103_9

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor