摘要:

The authors studied 89 alcohol‐ or cocaine‐dependent inpatients for comorbid Axis I or Axis II psychiatric disorders. Subjects were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R (SCID) to determine Axis I diagnoses. Axis II diagnoses were determined using the SCID II self‐rating questionnaire and interview. High rates of Axis I disorders were found in both groups, but the types of disorders differed between groups. Axis II disorders were also commonly found in both groups but were significantly more common in the cocaine group. The types of personality disorders differed between the alcohol and cocaine groups, with the cocaine group showing significantly more Axis II Cluster A and B

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author evaluated visual steady‐state evoked responses (SSER) and auditory amplitude‐modulated following responses (AMFR) in 13 cocaine‐dependent patients, 5 alcohol‐dependent patients, and 12 non–drug‐dependent control subjects. The 18 patients were studied after 1, 3, and 12 weeks of verified abstinence; the controls were studied after comparable intervals. Analyses revealed that visual SSER power increased as a function of modulation depth in the cocaine‐dependent group, but not in the other groups. The difference among the groups was greatest at the highest modulation depth (80%) and did not diminish over time. Auditory AMFR power was also greater in the cocaine‐dependent group relative to the other groups. However, unlike the visual SSER, the auditory AMFR normalized with continued cocaine abstinence. Collectively, the SSER and AMFR findings are interpreted as reflecting a residual cocaine effect which heightens CNS reactivity to sine wave (but not square wave)‐modulated visual a

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This open‐label study was done to determine which of several recommended agents and rationales may be effective for outpatient detoxification of cocaine dependence. A total of 324 cocaine‐dependent persons were sequentially assigned to subgroups of 8–23 subjects and detoxified with 20 different treatment agents. Subjects who received each treatment agent were compared to a control group of 18 subjects who received only placebo and amino acids. Fourteen of the 20 agents (70%) appeared inappropriate for outpatient cocaine detoxification because they demonstrated intolerable side effects, a first‐week drop‐out rate over 40%, or failed to reduce urine cocaine metabolite concentrations. Cocaine use appeared to increase with bromocriptine mesylate, levodopa, and phenmetrazine hydrochloride, since mean cocaine urine concentration increased during treatment. Although no agent was statistically superior in performance to the placebo (control) group on any evaluation criterion, amantadine hydrochloride, bupropion hydrochloride, mazindol, nifedipine, pentoxifylline, and prazosin hydrochloride did not demonstrate any obvious liabilities and warrant further study as outpatient cocaine detoxificati

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study 100 American Indian (AI) patients and 200 non‐AI patients with a psychoactive substance use disorder (PSUD) were studied with special reference to associated psychiatric disorders. Current Axis I diagnoses, previous psychiatric treatment, and family history of psychiatric disorder were compared among these two groups. AI patients from a university hospital clinical population had excess numbers of organic mental disorder (OMD), including both acute OMD (i.e., delirium tremens and alcoholic hallucinosis) and chronic OMD (i.e., alcohol amnestic disorder, alcohol dementia, and trauma‐induced OMD). Overall, “dual diagnosis” was more frequent among the AI patients, due primarily to the excess incidence of OMD. The rate of other psychiatric diagnoses was comparable between the two groups. Within the non‐OMD psychiatric diagnoses, a few differences did occur. AI patients manifested increased anxiety disorders, whereas non‐AI patients had increased eating disorders. Previous psychiatric treatment and family history of psychiatric disorder did not differ between AI and non‐AI patients. Treatment implications are based on these data combined with reports from t

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Individuals with schizophrenia use cigarettes at a rate significantly above that of the general population. A variety of explanations for this phenomenon are available, with none taking precedence. In this study the authors examined 80 schizophrenic individuals in an intensive community support program. Eighty‐eight percent are current smokers and smoking is significantly associated with overall psychopathology. When demographic variables are controlled, smoking does not contribute to medication use or tardive dsykinesia as inferred from the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. These results, although confirming some findings in the literature, underscore the importance of controlling for demographic variables, especially age, when analyzing for possible effects of smoking on schizophreni

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors present the design and implementation of an AIDS prevention program of information and counseling for injecting drug users (IDUs). Outreach worker attrition has been a major problem. IDUs tend to drop out of the intervention; they do not seek HIV antibody test results and reject drug treatment referrals.

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alprazolam (Xanax) is commonly abused by patients in methadone maintenance treatment. The authors describe six alprazolam‐dependent patients receiving methadone (mean ± SD, dose = 8.2 ± 3.7 mg/day) who were safely detoxified as inpatients using a clonazepam (Klonopin) substitution and taper. After a 3‐day stabilization period, patients were tapered at a rate of 1.0 mg/day of clonazepam for an average duration of 8.3 ± 1.5 days. There were no subjective or objective withdrawal symptoms throughout this period. This preliminary report indicates that the use of clonazepam for alprazolam detoxification may be a safe and effective method for patients receiving methadone and therefore warrants further investi

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors report a longitudinal study describing the progression and circumstances of cocaine dependence within a large group of men with different usage histories, from initiation of use to entrance into a treatment program at a Veterans Affairs medical center several years later. Data illustrating the course of the disorder were retrospectively collected, using a “natural history” methodology successfully used in prior research. Four patterns of escalation of cocaine use are described. Generally, as the cocaine career progressed, there was a decrease in the consumption of alcohol and other dr

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1055-0496    

DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY