摘要:

The ascending and descending pathways from the inferior colliculus were studied in the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) using aspiration or electro-lesioning techniques. The ipsilateral ascending projections were traced to the parabrachial region, the interstitial nucleus, the pars principalis and pars magnocellularis of the medial geniculate and the medial and lateral posterior thalamic nuclei. A projection to the deep layers of the superior colliculus leaves medially from the ipsilateral brachium of the inferior colliculus.Smaller, contralateral projections were traced to the dorsomedial portion of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, the parabrachial region, the medial posterior thalamic nuclei and the rostral four-fifths of the medial geniculate body. No fibers were traced to the caudal portion of the medial geniculate, or to the contralateral lateral posterior thalamic nuclei.The descending projections were traced ipsilaterally to the periaqueductal gray, the dorsal and ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, the lateral pontine nuclei, the nucleus of the trapezoid body, and both the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal cochlear nuclei.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125448

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The most superficial zone of the rostral and lateral part of the tectum of the frog contains remarkable spiral-like fibers.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125449

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The brains of 22 anesthetized chickens were systematically explored with stimulating electrodes for electrically-evoked vocalizations. Both active and inactive areas for evoked vocalizations as determined from 821 electrode penetrations were plotted. An apparently continuous system, active for vocalization, extends from the preoptic region rostrally to the most caudal portion of the medulla posteriorly. All portions of the striatum and spinal cord sampled were negative for vocalizations at the stimulus intensity used. Thresholds were lowest; calling was the most natural sounding and was elicited in the absence of other behavior in the area ventro-medial to the inferior colliculus. Most of the brain yielded only repetitive vocalizations ranging from brief ''cuk'' sounds to longer duration squawk sounds similar to those given by normal chickens. In the medulla both repetitive sounds in response to continuous stimulation and single protracted sounds per stimulation were evoked. Both types of vocalization could be elicited from the same site by varying the stimulus intensity. In portions of the midbrain, pons and medulla vocalization substrates corresponded to areas reported to yield respiratory responses in this and other species. Results are in agreement with those reported for chronically-implanted awake birds and are interpreted to suggest a single set of neural mechanisms controlling the production of vocalizations.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125450

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An illustration is given of how the three major forms of vertebrate locomotion may be understood. It is suggested that swimming by lateral undulations, jumping and quadrupedal progression can be produced through the very same spinal cord design and vestibular organization. All three forms of locomotion are described in terms of waves of neuronal activity dependent on the stretch and tension of trunk musculature. Musculature of the right and left half of the body are antagonistic in swimming by lateral undulations; musculature of the dorsal and ventral trunk are antagonistic in jumping locomotion; and musculature of the right dorsal and left ventral compartments are antagonistic to the left dorsal and right ventral compartments during the twisting action of quadrupedal progression. It is emphasized that no changes in spinal or vestibular action are needed to accommodate any form of locomotion. Only differences in proprioceptive input are required. An initial statement is given of the relation between basic vestibular reflexes and the forms of locomotion. It is obvious that the locomotor rhythms are consistent with basic spinal as well as vestibular reflexes.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125451

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The olfactory epithelium and the afferent nerve fibers to the olfactory lobes were destroyed in one group of rats, while in another the olfactory peduncle was destroyed bilaterally. Following either operation the animals showed an impaired sexual behavior. They mounted, intromitted and ejaculated at one testing occasion but not at another, and when ejaculating, the latencies were prolonged compared to intact control animals. No recovery was seen during the 4-month period of post-operative testing. It was concluded that the sexual failure was due to deficient sensory input and not to brain damage.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125452

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125453

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125454

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125455

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger