摘要:

Indices of cerebral development were computed for 23 different species in order to assess their capacity to accurately reflect differences in learning ability. The resulting correlations between index values and performance on a variety of tasks strongly suggest that this approach may offer the best type of continuum for the comparative study of learning. It was further suggested that if the index proposed by Jerison were expanded to reflect possible neuronal connections, a more powerful measure might be obtained.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125804

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

All presently known naturally occurring call types, except those associated with dominance threat, were elicited with electrical brain stimulation in the turkey. Most vocalizations closely resembled contact and alarm calls. A concentration of sites for contact calls was in the dorsomedial thalamus and midbrain. Mechanical-sounding contact-type calls were elicited from sites in the central neostriatum caudale and paleostriatum primitivum. Vocalization specificity and latency indicate that the lateral mesencephalic grey may be an area of convergence of some efferent vocalization fibers. Anomalous vocalizations were elicited only in one site in the hyperstriatum ventrale. Singing was elicited reliably in the absence of any known key stimulus. Most of these vocalizations resembled the singing of nonstimulated turkeys in the natural situation. The major exception was that mesencephalic-grey-stimulation-elicited vocalizations were shorter in duration. Gobbling was elicited from two sites in sensory projection areas of the brain. Elicited gobbles were similar to natural calls except for the relative frequency of occurrence of certain syllables and the rapid habituation to brain stimulation.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125805

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of amphetamine (AMP) on the behaviour of domestic chicks were studied by methods of direct observation of behaviour. 7.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine sulphate injected into 5-day-old chicks characteristically facilitated vocalization - a period of peeps followed by short calls (twitters and short peeps), head shakes, forced locomotion and wing drooping; and decreased the duration of eye closure. AMP also increased the responsiveness of chicks to external stimuli. Bilateral lesions in the midbrain inhibited primarily the vocalizations but not the other behavioural changes produced by AMP.Evidence is presented to explain the neurochemical basis of the AMP-induced behaviour: namely, that peeping depends on 5-hydroxytryptamine-dependent mechanisms, which may also influence the postural changes, and head shakes, whereas short calls may be mediated by an interaction between dopaminergic and tryptaminergic mechanisms. It is suggested that the monoamines may also be involved in the attentional changes associated with the vocalizations.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125806

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The predatory attack of a cat against a rat elicited by lateral hypothalamic, ventral midbrain and ventromedial periaqueductal gray stimulation has been compared. Regardless of the region stimulated, the attack behaviors were found to be identical with respect to response topography, preference for the rat as an attack object, the distance at which the cats would approach and attack a rat and the success in finding and attacking the rat when the cats were blindfolded. However, the minimum current required to elicit the predatory attack by periaqueductal gray stimulation was 3–4 times less than that required to elicit the same behavior by ventral midbrain and lateral hypothalamic stimulation. The difficulty in reconciling these results with the preeminent role assigned to the hypothalamus in the organization of predatory aggressive behavior was considere

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125807

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125801

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125802

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125803

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000125808

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger