摘要:

Data are reported on the range and variety of fissural patterning in 40 cerebral hemispheres from 22 specimens of spider monkeys (Ateles). The hemispheres are categorized according to a number of criteria, including proximity of the central sulcus to neighboring sulci, whether certain other sulci are joined or separated from each other, and the presence and location of idiosyncratic fissures. Interhemispheric variability was found to be as pronounced within as between specimens. The study revealed a wide variability in fissural patterns of primate brain specimens and a topological significance of many sulci in that they demarcate functional subdivisions of either somatosensory or somatomotor cortex.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000121867

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relationship between brain size and intelligence was investigated in two ways. Cranial capacity was measured in people with known IQs. A very small correlation was found between cranial capacity and intelligence; but this was shown to be the result of the confounding effects of height. A large series of brains was also investigated, data being obtained on occupation from the case notes. When the effects of body height and weight were controlled for, it was possible to demonstrate a statistically significant, but very slight, relation between brain size and occupational group.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000121868

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The distribution of cerebellar corticonuclear fibers of the vermis of anterior and posterior lobes was determined for the albino rat using the Fink and Heimer method. Efferent fibers from vermal cortex terminate in the ipsilateral medial cerebellar nucleus (NM) in an organized circumferential manner. Rostral lobules (I-III) project to rostroventral and rostrocentral NM, more central lobules (IV, V, VI) project to rostrodorsal, dorsocentral and caudodorsal areas of the nucleus respectively, while caudal lobules (VII, VIII, IX) send fibers into caudal and ventrocaudal NM. No evidence was seen to corroborate the contention that individual lobules of the vermis may project essentially throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus. Although species differences are apparent the arrangement of terminal fields in the NM for vermal cortex of rats is similar to that reported for other mammals. Degenerated fibers from medial aspects of each lesion primarily enter the NM while those coursing into the juxtarestiform body originate from more lateral portions of the cortical injury. This suggests that the arrangement of cortical zones in rat is fundamentally similar to that described in other mammals.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000121869

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Anatomical and behavioral correlates of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) at sites in the pons suggest the involvement of the trigeminal motor system in brain stimulation reward. 90% of the electrodes terminating in or dorsal to the trigeminal motor nucleus supported ICSS. Stimulation through these ICSS electrodes was usually accompanied by a display of repetitive jaw movement in the period following brain stimulation. There appeared to be a close relation between post-stimulation jaw movement and ICSS. In the motor nucleus there was a positive linear relationship between current intensity and duration of jaw movement. Optimal current intensities for ICSS induced long periods of jaw movement. Extensive lesions of the dorsal pons which included the locus ceruleus had no effect on ICSS in the trigeminal motor system. Therefore it seems unlikely that ICSS in the trigeminal system is mediated by noradrenergic neurons located in the dorsal pontine area. These data suggest that a centripetal analysis of ICSS sites along pathways afferent to the trigeminal motor system may lead to a more complete description of the anatomical correlates of brain stimulation reward. The functional implications of a trigeminal reinforcement mechanism are discussed.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000121870

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The volume of the nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis and the optic lobe were determined in 8 species of neotropical birds in the order Passeriformes: Pyrocephalus rubinus, Pitangus sulphuratus, Atticora fasciata, Molothrus bonariensis, Tangara nigrocincta, Ramphocelus dimidiatus, Euphonia xanthogaster and Spinus magellanicus. The ratio of the volume of the nucleus to the volume of the optic lobe was calculated for each species, and was found to be larger in all 8 species than in a series of nonpasserine species examined previously by Cobb. A possible relationship between the relative size of this nucleus and the auditory capabilities of birds is discussed.

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000121871

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0006-8977    

DOI:10.1159/000121872

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger