摘要:

Previous reports have suggested that the fetal loss rate with transcervical chorionic villus sampling was high in the initial 100–300 procedures performed. In a consecutive series of 155 patients with first-trimester transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (CVS), we observed a total fetal loss rate of 8.4%, and a loss rate not attributable to induced abortion or cytogenetic abnormality of 3.2%. Our results demonstrate that transabdominal CVS in the first trimester of pregnancy is a safe method of prenatal diagnosis.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293155

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was determined in pregnant women with preeclampsia, in normal pregnant and in nonpregnant women by a specific radioimmunoassay. Results did not show important differences between nonpregnant controls and normal pregnant women, but a significant rise was seen in women with preeclampsia compared to nonpregnant controls. Marked interindividual variation was found in all three groups. The mechanism of ANP release may differ between those women with normal pregnancy and those with preeclampsia. It is unclear whether the increased level of ANP in preeclampsia is an effect or a cause of the disease.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293156

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A total of 28 pregnant women with growth-retarded fetuses were studied to examine the antepartum fetal heart rate patterns between 30 and 39 weeks of gestation. Sonicaid Computer System 8000 was used to analyze on line 200 cardiotocograms. We found that there is an increase in the number of accelerations, an increase in variation assessed in beats per minute and in milliseconds, an increase in duration of high episode and a decrease in the number of decelerations.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293157

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fetal movements (FM) may be spontaneous, originating in the fetus itself, or evoked, caused by external stimuli. The FM in 21 normal twin pregnancies at 10 and 21 weeks of gestation were studied. The percentage rate of evoked FM which occur simultaneously in both twins was 4.96% of all observed FM. The rate of the spontaneous FM which occur independently in each fetus was 95.04% of all FM. The low incidence of evoked FM, at an early gestational age (10–21 weeks) emphasizes the ability of these young fetuses to perceive external stimuli and to react to them by FM.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293158

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The electrical activity of the cervix can be measured during labour. The influence of oxytocin on electromyographic (EMG) activity of the cervical musculature was studied in 80 primiparous women after induction of labor. The highest electrical activity registered at the time of uterine contraction and between two contractions was used for analysis. The basic pattern of oxytocin-produced changes in muscular contractions in the cervix observed via EMG activity is that of the activity increasing with contractions of the uterine corpus and diminishing between contractions. The effect of oxytocin on cervical musculature is different in ripe and unripe cervices.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293159

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of serotonin, PGE2 and PGF2α on the vascular tension in human umbilical arteries has been investigated during in vitro perfusions. All autacoids induced dose-dependent biphasic pressure responses when added to the perfusate. When added to the extraumbilical fluid, serotonin induced monophasic vasoconstrictory responses, whereas PGE2 and PGF2α did not elicit significant changes except for minor pressure oscillations in some experiments. The results obtained suggest a contributory role of the endothelial layer in the action of these autacoids on the smooth muscle tension.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293160

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a prospective clinical investigation of 2,144 deliveries, we elucidate the indications for episiotomy and how different methods of anesthesia affect the frequency of episiotomy and the perineal problems after episiotomy compared with those after spontaneous perineal laceration. We found a significantly higher infection rate (p < 0.001) and a longer healing period in the episiotomy group. These differences remain even if only primigravida or the indication, imminent perineal laceration, is studied. The results indicate that many women will unnecessarily suffer after an episiotomy. The patient’s subjective problems are significantly increased, both immediately and at the 3-month postoperative follow-up.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293161

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fetal breathing patterns in 102 patients delivering before 37 weeks of gestation were divided into three types by the duration of successive respiratory activity using an ultrasonic scanner. Approximately 80% of the fetuses with fetal breathing absent or less than 9 s developed neonatal respiratory complications, including 11 cases of severe RDS and 8 cases of apnea of prematurity. However, no infant showing breathing activity of 30 s or more in utero experienced severe respiratory complications after birth. Furthermore, the surfactant phospholipid concentration in amniotic fluid was significantly increased with prolongation of successive fetal breathing activity. These results suggest that the duration of successive fetal breathing movements closely relates with fetal lung development including biochemical and neuromuscular systems in the humans, i.e functional maturation of the fetal respiratory system, and also that prenatal analysis of breathing patterns may permit evaluation of pulmonary functional capacity after birth.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293162

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Excursions of plasma glucose and insulin throughout the 24-hour metabolic clock were evaluated in hyperprolactinemic women with pituitary microadenoma. The glucose response to food intake and 24-hour excursion of plasma glucose were not altered in hyperprolactinemic women compared to normal women. Premeal and 24-hour insulin levels were significantly increased in hyperprolactinemic women, though fasting insulin levels were not. Postprandial insulin increments appeared to be more sustained in these patients compared to normal women, though the difference was not statistically significant. And therefore the increased 24-hour concentration of insulin in hyperprolactinemic women appears to be due to the sustained insulin response to meals and increased premeal insulin levels. A slight resistance to insulin was observed in hyperprolactinemic women. That the 24-hour excursion of plasma glucose is not altered in hyperprolactinemic women in the face of decreased sensitivity to insulin may be accounted for by the increased insulin secretion.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293163

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Transverse and sagittal bladder diameters were measured with real-time ultrasound in 80 patients (100 measurements) during the first 2 days of postvaginal hysterectomy to assess the residual bladder volume and compared with the catheterization volume for the same patients. The sonographic method, with a 97.7% specificity and a negative predictive value of 89.5%, proved to be specific enough to eliminate the necessity of routine catheterization for measuring residual bladder volumes of > 150 cm3, thus decreasing the incidence of some major postoperative complications that can occur due to unnecessary catheterization.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293164

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger