摘要:

Pituitary growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), placental lactogen (PL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and GH-binding protein (GHBP) in plasma were determined in 12 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in 12 healthy pregnant women during a breakfast meal tolerance test. The women with GDM showed higher prepregnancy weight, body mass index (BMI), basal levels of glucose, insulin, and C peptide compared to the pregnant controls. No difference was found between the two groups in pituitary GH, PRL, PL and IGF-1 levels. Plasma levels of GHBP were higher in the women with GDM compared to pregnant controls. In all women there was an inverse correlation between PL and pituitary GH as well as between PL and GHBP, suggesting that PL inhibits pituitary GH secretion. A positive correlation between GHBP and BMI was found in all women, and the higher BMI in the GDM women seemed to be the cause of the higher GHBP levels in this group. In all women IGF-1, an indicator of the secretory activity of lactogenic hormones as well as of nutritional state, showed a positive correlation with the birth weights of the infants and was equally indicative in both groups.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292468

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Records of 96 women who had rupture of the uterus in labor were audited to find circumstances significantly associated with pregnancy outcome. The prevalence was 1 rupture in 424 deliveries. In 74 cases (77.1 %) uterine rupture occurred after hospitalization, the remaining 22 cases being emergency transfers with rupture secondary to a delivery attempt elsewhere. History of a previous cesarean section was present in 46%, whereas 54% of the women had an unscarred uterus. Maternal mortality was 7.3% whilst perinatal mortality was 62.9%. Adverse outcome for the mother was associated with ruptures occurring in unscarred uteri (p < 0.02) and outside the Maternity (p < 0.01); this latter condition also contributed to higher fetal mortality (p < 0.002). The findings confirm that delay in reaching medical care is an aggravating factor in the evolution of uterine rupture in developing countries and suggest the need for better medical attention and timely diagnosis in laboring women with unscarred uterus.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292469

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several fibrinolytic parameters were determined in plasma and amniotic fluid from normotensive pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR) and severe preeclamptic (PE) patients with IUGR and compared with data from normal pregnancies. A significant decrease in plasminogen activator type 2 (PAI-2) and urokinase levels in plasma and amniotic fluid was observed in IUGR groups in comparison with normal pregnancy. No significant differences were observed between the control and IUGR groups in relation to the other fibrinolytic parameters, except for plasma PAI type 1 and tissue-type plasminogen activator levels, which were significantly increased in the PE group. A significant positive correlation was observed between birth weight and PAI-2 levels in both plasma and amniotic fluid, but the plasma PAI-2 levels showed a higher correlation. In conclusion, these results suggest that the PAI-2 level measured in plasma is a more adequate marker of placental function than the PAI-2 level measured in amniotic fluid.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292470

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the pregnant human uterus, pacemaker activities and their coordination processes were studied in labor induced by uterine distention. Electrical and mechanical activities of the uterus were simultaneously recorded in 6 midtrimester (normal, n = 4; fetal death, n = 2) and 8 term (normal, n = 7; fetal death, n = 1) patients. Initially, frequent and sporadical spike discharges which did not synchronize with low magnitude and irregular mechanical activities were noted. With time, synchronization of both activities developed. These findings were noted regardless of the gestational stage of the patient and fetal viability. The patterns of development and decreases in mechanical and electrical activities, together with their synchronization patterns, were positively and negatively controlled by uterine distention and its suspension, respectively. These results suggest that the uterus has multiple pacemakers in various locations, and uterine distention works as a trigger for the elevation of excitability and for coordinated and orthodromic activities.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292471

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Urinary trypsin inhibitor-related substance (UTI-R) was measured in the amniotic fluid (n = 30), first neonatal urine (n = 10), meconium (n = 10), and adult urine (n = 10). The concentration of UTI-R excreted in the neonatal urine was significantly higher than in adult urine and meconium. Positive immunostaining for UTI was observed in amnion, umbilical cord and placenta. The effect of UTI was studied on the amnion using fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β) led to a significant increase in relative fluorescence release (RFR) of fura-2 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.02, respectively) while endotoxin did not show significant changes of RFR of fura-2. The effect of IL-1β and TNF-β was almost abolished after incubation of UTI with the amnion cells (p < 0.03). This suggests that UTI may have a protective effect on the amnion especially against IL· 1β and TNF-β.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292472

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was undertaken in order to determine the changes in blood levels of lipid peroxide and vitamin E in EPH gestosis. The mean plasma level of lipid peroxide was 0.89 ± 0.13 nmol/ml for nonpregnant women, while for normal pregnant women it was 2.51 ± 0.52 nmol/ml, and 4.10 ± 0.72 nmol/ ml for women with EPH gestosis. The mean plasma level of vitamin E was 6.7 ± 1.0 μg/ml for nonpregnant women, while for normal pregnant women it was 14.5 ± 2.2 μg/ml and 12.6 ± 1.2 μg/ml for women with gestosis. The mean red cell level of vitamin E was 3.55 ± 0.25 μg/ml packed red cells in nonpregnant women, while in normal pregnant women it was 2.56 ± 0.34 μg/ml packed cells and 2.90 ± 0.28 μg/ml packed cells for women with EPH gestosis. The mean platelet level of vitamin E was 99 ± 25 μg/g protein for nonpregnant women, while in normal pregnant women it was 232 ± 24 μg/g protein and 205 ± 32 μg/g protein for women with EPH gestosis. It was shown in this study that in EPH gestosis the plasma level of lipid peroxide increased while the levels of vitamin E which inhibited the formation of lipid peroxide decreased in plasma, red cells and platelets.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292473

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Braxton-Hicks contractions induce changes in fetal heart rate variation in normal and growth-retarded fetuses. 110 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were cross-sectionally studied as well as 16 pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation secondary to uteroplacental insufficiency. Fetal heart rate variability was analyzed by a commercially available computerized system (2CTG Hewlett Packard, Italy) 10 min before and 10 min after the Braxton-Hicks contraction. All the included fetal heart rate tracings fulfilled the following criteria: (1) presence of a single Braxton-Hicks contraction in the 20 min considered; (2) absence of fetal heart rate decelerations after the contraction, and (3) stable fetal heart rate behavioral pattern in the period analyzed. 82 tracings of normal fetuses were analyzed during an active fetal heart rate pattern (type B) and the remaining 28 during a quiet pattern (type A). In both patterns no significant differences in delta value, long-term irregularity, short-term variability and interval index were found before and after the contraction. All the tracings of growth-retarded fetuses were analyzed during the fetal heart rate pattern A. Short-term variation and interval index significantly decreased during the first 5 min after the contraction while no significant differences were found in the other indices investigated. The decrease in these indices was significantly more marked in those fetuses developing fetal distress within 7 days. In conclusion, Braxton-Hicks contractions induce a significant decrease of short-term variation and interval index only in growth-retarded fetuses. This can be useful in the early identification of fetal compromise in such fetuses.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292474

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The objective of the present study was to detect the expression of P-cadherin in human endometrium and endometriosis and to compare this expression to that of E-cadherin. To this end immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies specific for P-cadherin and E-cadherin was applied to endometrium and endometriotic lesions obtained in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle from 10 patients. P-cadherin was detected in epithelial cells in all ten endometrial samples and in all glandular structures of endometriotic lesions. The staining characteristics for P-cadherin and E-cadherin were similar. P-cadherin may play a role in the maintenance of the proliferative compartment of endometrium and could have a comparable function in endometriotic lesions.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292475

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Monoclonal antibodies to human oestrogen and progesterone receptors were applied to frozen sections of normal endometrium in various phases of the menstrual cycle. Both oestrogen and progesterone receptors were localised within the nuclei of target cells. There are no oestrogen or progesterone receptors in endometrial vessels. Oestrogen receptor contents remained fairly constant during the proliferative and early secretory phases but decreased markedly in the late secretory phase. This decline was more obvious in the glandular cells than in the stromal cells, where receptor staining disappeared in most cases. The receptors were localised predominantly in the glandular cells at most stages of the menstrual cycle except in the late secretory phase, where the reverse was observed. In contrast, progesterone receptors rose gradually throughout the proliferative and early secretory phases followed by a decrease to various degrees depending on the cell types in the late secretory phase. This decrease was more marked in the glandular cells where again receptor staining disappeared in most cases, whereas the receptor contents in the stromal cells only decreased to the level of the late proliferative phase. The progesterone receptors were also localised predominantly in the glandular cells at most stages in the cycle apart from the late secretory phase.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292476

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To study steroid sulfatase acticity in women in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, especially to differentiate carrier women with steroid sulfatase deficiency (recessive X-linked ichthyosis, RXLI) from normal women, steroid sulfatase activity was assayed in peripheral blood leukocytes from normal non-pregnant women, pregnant women, patients with RXLI, carriers of RXLI and in other normal males of different age. Steroid sulfatase activity in pmol/mg protein/min was significantly lower in patients with RXLI than in the other groups and significantly higher in the 3rd trimester pregnant women than in nonpregnant women and adult men. In addition, sulfatase activity was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester pregnant women than in fetuses. However, it was difficult do differentiate carrier women with RXLI from normal women because of considerable overlap between the two groups. The biochemical control mechanism of steroid sulfatase is the subject of further research.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292477

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger