摘要:

Regional embolization of the placental circulation was performed in 3 anesthetized fetal sheep by retrograde administration of microspheres in a cotyledonary branch of one of the umbilical arteries. Registrations were made of blood velocity waveforms in the fetal abdominal aorta and in a major cotyledonary artery supplying the embolized placental region. Among the fetal lambs examined, a corresponding degree of regression was found between the decrease in umbilical blood flow and increase in the pulsatility index of the abdominal aorta waveforms (coefficient of variation: 0.19). In contrast, the degree of regression between the decrease in umbilical blood flow and increase in the pulsatility index of the cotyledonary artery waveforms varied per fetus (coefficient of variation: 0.79). It is suggested that in human fetuses, in the case of discordant umbilical artery blood flow velocity waveforms, the best information on fetoplacental circulatory competence is provided by the aorta blood velocity waveform.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292598

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The rate of spontaneous and methotrexate (MTX)-induced chromosome breakage was studied in individuals with a history of habitual abortions in whom a structural chromosomal aberration was found in a single cell during routine cytogenetic analysis. Twelve such individuals were selected because they were not under the influence of any known mutagenic factor such as smoking, alcohol, medication and apparent irradiation; they were compared to 12 age- and sex-matched control parents. A detailed statistical analysis revealed that the spontaneous and MTX-induced chromosome breakage was significantly increased in the abortion group. The MTX-induced breakage rate was especially elevated in the women of the abortion group.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292599

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Myometrial biopsies from 80 women, delivered by cesarean section in 26–42 completed weeks of pregnancy, were analyzed using radiolabeled α1-antagonist [3H]-prazosin and α1-antagonist [3H]-rauwolscine. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test (two-tailed), where p < 0.05 was considered significant. The number of α2-adrenergic receptors did not vary (mean value weeks 37–39 =17.2 ± 1.3 fmol/mg protein), while the dissociation constant (Kd) for α2-receptors tended to increase with increasing gestational age, implying reduced affinity near term (p < 0.05, mean values 3.4 ± 0.2 nM). αpRecep-tors, however, increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the pregnancy weeks 37–39 (mean value 29.2 ± 2.9 fmol/mg prot) while Kd was unaltered. Increased number of α1-receptors, along with a decreased affinity of α2-receptors, could, in combination with other factors, play a role in the initiation of labor.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292600

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study assessed the possible role of oxytocin in the deterioration of glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes. Plasma levels of oxytocin, insulin, glucagon and glucose were measured at the time of a 400-kcal breakfast meal tolerance test in 12 women with gestational diabetes and 12 normal pregnant women in the third trimester. The gestational diabetic women had higher basal levels of insulin and an enhanced, delayed and prolonged insulin response to the breakfast. The same differences occurred in the glucose levels. There was no significant difference in the glucagon levels between the two groups. In the normal pregnant women, a significant (p < 0.05) though small rise in glucagon levels occurred 30 min after the ingestion of the breakfast. Oxytocin levels were not affected by the breakfast, and there was no clear difference between the two groups. The metabolic differences between the normal pregnant and gestational diabetic women were not related to any differences in oxytocin levels. In conclusion, we found no evidence of a role of oxytocin in the alteration of glucose metabolism in women with gestational diabetes. However, since alterations in oxytocin levels of possible significance for an impaired glucose tolerance are found in type 1 diabetic and extremely obese patients, further studies are needed in women with gestational or manifest diabetes.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292601

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the risk of uterine rupture in cases of late vaginal induced abortions among women with previous cesarean sections. 23 women were referred at a mean gestational age of 23.9 (SD 6.9) weeks of gestation after one or two cesarean sections. Indications for terminating the pregnancy were maternal diseases in 4 cases and fetal anomalies in 19 cases. RU 486 and/or prostaglandins were used for cervical ripening and to induce labor. Vaginal birth was obtained in 20 cases (86.9%) with an average duration of 72 (SD 52) h. Cesarean section was performed in the remaining 3 women because no cervical dilation could be obtained. One uterine rupture occurred and was treated with conservation of the uterus. Late termination of pregnancy in such cases can be achieved without cesarean section with a high success rate.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292602

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of this investigation was to determine the time of toxoplasma infection more precisely by using an indirect fluorescent antibody test and indirect hemagglutination test in 51 pregnant women whose Sabin-Feldman test and immunosorbent agglutination assay were positive. Analysis of the results of sera tested with the two additional serological assays showed that the infection was acquired during pregnancy in 19 cases, while the other pregnant women had become infected before conception.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292603

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Phospholipase A2 groups I (pancreatic) and II (synovial) could be a link between local and systemic changes in pregnancy, reflected in catalytic activity. We studied whether normal pregnancy, preeclampsia, preterm labor and four other diseases have processes involving serum phospholipase A2s. Pancreatic and synovial-type phospholipase A2 were measured in the serum of 59 normal pregnant women and 89 patients with pathological pregnancy by newly developed time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays, and the catalytic activity by a radiochemical method using micellar phosphatidylcholine as substrate. During pregnancy weeks 6–14, synovial-type phospholipase A2 and catalytic activity were elevated 2- to 4-fold, but at 37 weeks values were normal. Pregnancy-induced hypertensive diseases increased by 4- to 10-fold the concentration of synovial-type phospholipase A2, reflected in catalytic activity. In 8 out of 14 cases, the enzyme was increased if the fetus was to be delivered prematurely. The enzymes studied remained within the reference interval in cases of hepatogestosis, fetal asphyxia, diabetes and twin pregnancy. Newly developed specific immunoassays for measuring different types of phospholipase A2 in serum can provide insights for clinical follow-up.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292604

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this randomized, prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of tocolytic and antibiotic therapy in the prolongation of pregnancy and neonatal outcome in the treatment of premature rupture of the membranes without clinical labor. Delivery was delayed for 48 h, 7 days and beyond 35 weeks of gestation in 87, 39 and 18%, respectively, of patients in the treated group (n = 39) compared with 50, 12 and 17% of patients in the nontreated group (n = 42). The incidence of a low Apgar score ( < 7 at 5 min), requiring artificial ventilation, and infectious morbidity was more common in the treated group than in the nontreated group (18 vs. 0, 41 vs. 17 and 39 vs. 17%, respectively). There was no significant cost difference in survivors between the treated and nontreated groups, although the mothers in the treated group were significantly more expensive. From these observations, it appears that tocolysis and antibiotics are not effective in PROM cases.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292605

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum lipid profiles were studied in 167 healthy fertile Singaporean women, aged between 18 and 40 and comprising 114 Chinese, 28 Malays and 25 Indians. Parity or ethnic differences did not affect lipid concentrations. Except for triglycerides which showed a decreasing trend, there was no significant variation in lipid concentrations with age. However, all lipid concentrations except HDL cholesterol (which decreased) appeared to increase with body mass index. Compared with other populations, these Singaporean women appeared to have higher mean concentrations of total cholesterol and lower mean concentrations of HDL cholesterol. The possibility that these differences could have contributed to the increasing incidence of coronary heart disease in Singapore is discussed.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292606

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A total of 63 healthy young women with primary amenorrhea, 37 control women at the same age with normal ovarian function and 118 postmenopausal women underwent bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at the lumbar spine (L2––L4) by dual photon absorptiometry. Mean ± SE BMD value in the primary amenorrheic patients (0.878 ± 0.015 g/cm2) was significantly lower than in both the control ovulatory women (1.069 ± 0.026 g/cm2) and the postmenopausal patients (0.967 ± 0.013 g/cm2) (p < 0.05). When hormonal parameters were compared between primary amenorrheic and ovulatory control cases, only the prolactin mean levels were found to be significantly lower in the first group (8.74 ± 0.86 vs. 16.31 ± 1.05 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Serum total alkaline phosphatase activity and LDL-cholesterol were negatively correlated with bone mineral density. Total cholesterol and lipid levels were significantly higher in women with primary amenorrhea when compared with the eumenorrheic control group (p

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292607

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger