ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301510

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301511

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Experimental evidence justifying the selection of primary variables in ovum isthmic transport is evaluated. Peristaltic pumping alone cannot account for the observed ovum motions, however, the theory of pressure forcing of pellets through narrow tubes when combined with the dynamic and motile properties of the mucosal and muscular layers of the isthmus, appears capable of modeling the physiological mechanism. In this model the hormonally dependent tubal compliance is a controlling element of transport rate. The contractile activity statistically distributed both spatially and temporally, provides a persistent though irregular directionality to the movement.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301512

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In studying oviductal physiology, it is important to sort out the complex interrelationships between muscle, cilia, nerves and secretory processes as they each of themselves, or in concert, effect gamete transport. In this review, a variety of physiological techniques and bioengineering approaches which have been used to monitor contractile and ciliary activity, are described and critically evaluated.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301513

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recordings of intratubal pressure in women reveal a complex pattern of tubal contractions. Overall activity of the fallopian tube is increased during ovulation. During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, activity is depressed but never suppressed. The fallopian tube remains active during gestation in contrast with the uterus which is quiescent. The early puerperal tube displays a pattern of activity similar to that recorded during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Activation occurs during suckling and in response to exogenous oxytocin, prostaglandins, nor-adrenergic compounds, and ergot derivatives. It is concluded that contractility of the fallopian tube is less influenced by ovarian steroids than that of the uterus.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301514

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The role of the autonomic nervous system in controlling ovum transport remains obscure. Although not studied extensively in the oviduct, the para-sympathetic nervous system does not appear to significantly influence ovum transport. The sympathetic nervous system of the oviduct and its pharmacology have been studied more thoroughly. Despite this, little information is available concerning cellular mechanisims of adrenergically altered motility or transport. In spite of much speculation, the weight of evidence suggests that, at least in the rabbit, the sympathetic nervous system plays a minor role in the control of ovum transport.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301515

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on muscular activity of the oviductal isthmus and on the rate of tubal egg transport are reviewed. In consideration of the available data a mechanism by which PGs contribute to the physiological control of egg transport is suggested. Invivo experiments have demonstrated that E-series PGs relax while F-series PGs stimulate muscular activity of the oviduct in humans, subhuman primates and rabbits. These effects are mutually antagonistic. The response of oviductal muscle to PGs appears to be affected by ovarian steroids; progesterone increases the response to PGE1 and decreases the response to PGF2α. Oviductal tissue concentrations of PGF increase in a distal to proximal sequence following ovulation-induction in the rabbit. Also, proximal isthmus binding of PGE1 tended to be greater in 72-hour pregnant rabbits than in estrous rabbits, while binding of PGF2α was greater in estrous than in 72-hour pregnant animals. It is suggested that the preovulatory increase in ovarian estradiol secretion stimulates PGF synthesis in the oviductal tissue in a sequential fashion, the peak value occurring when the oviductal isthmus is most sensitive to stimulation by PGF2α. The changes in tissue concentration of PGF and in sensitivity to PGF2α could contribute to occlusion of the isthmus and prevent premature passage of eggs into the uterus. An increase in ovarian progesterone secretion after ovulation may decrease tissue PGF, decrease the response to PGF2α stimulation, and increase the response to PGE1. These changes may then allow a progressive movement of eggs through the isthmus into the uterus. Several questions regarding this proposed mechanism remain unanswered.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301516

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A review is given on sperm migration to and sperm survival within the human Fallopian tube. Sperm migration from the external os can be very fast. The survival time of spermatozoa in the oviduct has been demonstrated to be 85 h. Spermatozoa normally enter the abdominal cavity through the open fimbriated end. Laterally closed oviducts retain spermatozoa resulting in a larger number of spermatozoa than in the normal oviduct, where the number of sperm at the site of fertilization is very low. The morphology of spermatozoa reaching the ampulla of the oviduct is mostly normal, which seems to be based on the correlation between normal morphology and good motility. Spermatozoa within the abdominal cavity do not cause antibody formation of any importance for the fertility of the woman.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301517

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The transport of eggs from the site of ovulation to the site of implantation is a fundamental step of the reproductive process in the female. The fallopian tube effects the major part of this function and times the passage of eggs into the endometrial environment. As a result of different combinations of speed of progression and retention periods through the various regions of the oviduct, the pattern of transport differs from one species to another. The roles of muscular contraction, ciliary movement and flow of secretions in the mechanisms of progression and retention are still poorly understood. Estrogens and progestins have a pronounced influence upon egg transport, but the responses to exogenous hormones are quite variable and depend mainly upon species, dose and time of administration. Species differences prevent from broader generalizations at this time and indicate the need for further comparative studies.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301518

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The oviduct provides a temporary environment for spermatozoa, the ovum, and the embryo during the first 3 days of development. The milieu in the tubal lumen is ideal for fertilization and then events which precede it. Conditions which influence spermatozoa and the ovum are assessed, and the factors responsible for fertilization and normal development thereafter analyzed. Constituents of tubal fluid which have functional significance include bicarbonate, lactate, and pyruvate as well as ions in a suitably balanced ratio following ovulation. The functional significance of cyclic changes in protein patterns remains to be explored. Further analysis of tubal fluid content and its regulation, and additional exploration of conditions which support fertilization and early development are needed to provide a more complete understanding of the role of the oviduct in reproduction.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301519

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger