摘要:

The development of biochemical tumor markers has increased the use of antibody-dependent tumor marker assays in gynecologic oncology. Several monoclonal antibodies directed against novel epitopes on tumor-associated antigens have allowed the development of sensitive assays for serum markers. Assays for human chorionic gonadotrophin and TA-4 have been improved. CA 125 has provided a useful first-generation markers. Ovarian cystoadeno-carcinoma-associated antigen and lipid-associated sialic acid have been developed for ovarian cancer, transforming growth factor for squamous cancer, and placenta protein 4 for endometrial and cervical cancer. The most widely applied procedures to identify these markers are immunofluorescent microscopy and immunocytochemical staining. Multiple markers and modalities may be required to increase the sensitivity of tumor detection. CA 15-3 and GCDFP-15 markers have been useful in detecting breast cancer. The application of radionuclide imaging will provide a new field for the diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292728

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

During a 3-year period, a total of 22 pregnant women with vulvar oedema were observed in a high-risk antenatal clinic (ANC) in Maputo. They were compared with 22 unselected normal ANC attenders, matched for age, parity, gestational length and area of living. Reported and observed genital ulcers were more prevalent in the oedema group than in the referent group. Reported and observed vaginal discharge was also significantly more common in the oedema group. Syphilis screening by VDRL was positive in 61.9% of oedema cases while positivity reached 5.0% in referents (p < 0.005). Cases found sero-positive on screening were confirmed using Wassermann reaction (WR) in a reference laboratory, in which WR-positive cases underwent FTA-ABS analysis and IgM assay with solid-phase haemadsorption. IgM-positive individuals were significantly more prevalent among WR-positive oedema cases than among WR-positive referents (p < 0.05). It is concluded that among antenatal attenders in Maputo presenting with vulvar oedema, a significant proportion is associated with recent syphilis. Vulvar oedema should be considered as an important marker for seropositive syphilis during pregnancy.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292729

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three groups of puerperal women were compared. The first group comprised 51 women with clinically evident endometritis-myometritis. This group was compared to 51 referents (group 2), matched for age, parity and days after delivery. Group 3 comprised 69 randomly selected, healthy puerperal women coming for postnatal check-up of their newborns. Groups 1 and 2 were compared regarding symphysis-fundus (SF) distance. It was found that puerperal women with clinical signs of endometritis-myometritis and healthy, matched referents (groups 1 and 2) did not differ in uterine size as measured by the SF distance. The uterine involution can be followed by simple anthropometry by assessment of the SF distance over the puerperal period. It is concluded that the allegedly swollen and enlarged uterus in puerpera with endometritis-myometritis post partum does not differ in fundal height from the uterus of healthy, normal puerpera.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292730

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The course of delivery and fetal outcome in 149 women with forecoming normal pregnancy and a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) less than 20.0 were compared to a similar group of women with BMI between 20.0 and 24.9 after matching for age and parity. None of the women was undernourished. Suspected intrauterine asphyxia was significantly more common in primipara with BMI below 18.0 than in their controls (6/12 vs. 1/12), and there was a trend towards fewer babies weighing at least 4,000 g in the women with low BMI. No other significant differences related to BMI were found. It is concluded, that constitutional low weight for height is not a predictor of complications during delivery, and no special observation of this group is recommended.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292731

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using a 4-MHz continuous-wave Doppler device, standard rates were established for resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of uterine and arcuate arteries of 612 patients with uneventful pregnancies and deliveries. From 18 to 41 weeks of gestation, neither RI nor PI of uterine or arcuate arteries proved to vary with gestational age, maternal heart rate, or maternal age. By contrast, a significant effect of placental location on the measurement results was found in both uterine and arcuate arteries. The differences between measurements on the placental or opposite site are more distinct in arcuate than in uterine arteries. Taking the 90th percentile as a localization gauge, cutoff levels of 0.52 (RI) and 0.98 (PI) were found in uterine arteries. In arcuate arteries, cutoff leveles of 0.45 (RI) and 0.82 (PI) were found on the placental site or with a placenta without lateralization. On the nonplacental site of a lateralized placenta, the cutoff levels were 0.51 (RI) and 0.92 (PI).

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292732

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 55 placentae, collected at term from clinically normal pregnancies, hydroxyproline was assayed. Thirty were from mothers who smoke and 25 from nonsmokers. In placentae of smokers, hydroxyproline concentration was 42.77 ± 8.77 μg/mg of tissue and in these of nonsmokers 22.52 ± 7.46 μg/mg. Such high a difference discloses a large increment in placental collagen production in smokers, which may account for some of the noxious effects of tobacco on pregnancy.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292733

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Labor characteristics after intracervical application of 0.5 mg prostaglandin (PG) E2 gel (n = 83) versus intravenous administration of oxytocin (n = 82) for labor induction were investigated in uncomplicated prolonged pregnancies with unripe cervix. The induction to delivery time as well as the total oxytocin dose were significantly reduced in the PGE2 group (p < 0.001). Cesarean sections, instrumental deliveries and fetal distress had the same frequency, but the failures of trial were significantly higher in the oxytocin group than in the PGE2 group (20.7 vs. 6%, p < 0.01). Twenty-four percent of women needed a second PGE2 dose, and almost half of the women in the PGE2 group experienced ‘spontaneous’ labor. More neonates in the oxytocin group had 5-min Apgar scores < 7 (p < 0.05). Intracervical PGE2 gel application is superior to intravenous oxytocin in terms of shortening the induction-delivery interval and increasing the frequency of successful vaginal delivery. In addition, it is safe for mother and fetus.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292734

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A total of 678 women were interviewed about psychological reactions and sexual adjustment after abdominal hysterectomy with and without simultaneous oophorectomy. The response rate was high and complete questionnaires were returned by 86% of the women. A more positive attitude towards the operation was found in the group of women where the ovaries had been preserved. Women who had undergone oophorectomy experienced a deteriorated sexual life compared to women with preserved ovaries. This was observed regardless of age and in different parameters such as ‘coital frequency’ and ‘experience of intercourse’. The negative effects on sexual life as a result of hysterectomy with simultaneous oophorectomy are important to bear in mind and should be discussed with the woman prior to surgery.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292735

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hot flushes are the commonest symptom induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa). We performed an open observational trial to evaluate the efficacy of veralipride, an antidopaminergic drug, in reducing hot flushes in 25 premenopausal women treated with a GnRHa for endometriosis (8 subjects) or menorrhagia (17 subjects). The patients received goserelin depot for 6 months and veralipride was added for the third month. Hot flushes, severe in all women at 2 months, improved in both frequency and intensity in 92% of the subjects during veralipride administration. The benefit obtained persisted until the end of the GnRHa treatment.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292736

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to study the effect of testosterone on bladder calculi and tumor formation in female rats, Wistar rats were administered testosterone for 12, 18 or 24 weeks. Testosterone was found to increase the incidence of both bladder calculi and tumors in intact, but not in oophorectomized rats. It is suggested that testosterone in combination with estrogen may contribue to hyperplasia formation, in turn leading to an increased incidence of bladder calculi and tumors.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292737

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger