摘要:

We studied the influence of human prolactin on the secretion and de novo synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the human term placenta in culture. Placental tissue from 14 patients with uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries was prepared mechanically, with addition of a Percoll gradient step. hCG levels were determined in the culture media and in the cytosolic fraction of cells by means of an enzyme immunoassay with coated beads. The amount of newly synthesized hCG was measured by the extent of incorporation of 35S-methionine into the hCG molecule. Our results showed that human prolactin had two different effects in vitro: between ½ and 1 h, prolactin slightly increased secretion of hCG into the culture medium without affecting de novo synthesis; after 2 h, prolactin began to cause a significant decrease in both secretion and de novo synthesis of hCG over several hours. It appears that both effects are receptor mediated, for ovine prolactin failed to produce any response. We conclude that prolactin is one of the main factors regulating the synthesis and secretion of hCG in the human trophoblast at term.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294865

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Lecithin release from fetal membranes and placental tissue was assayed in basal conditions as well as under betamethasone administration. In the absence of the steroid, amnion and chorion released lecithin as a function of incubation time. Both tissues responded to betamethasone by increasing the lecithin release, the amnion exhibited a higher basal level and a greater responsiveness to the hormone than the chorion. Basal lecithin release from placental tissue was unaffected by any steroid concentration.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294866

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured in the serum of 33 pregnant women with normal blood pressure or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) using sensitive hippuric acid colorimetric micromethods. Mean serum ACE activity in 17 PIH patients (73.25 ± 18.81 U/ml) was significantly higher than that in normotensive pregnant women (16 cases; 52.36 ± 9.91 U/ml; p < 0.01). Mean arterial blood pressure was correlated with the level of serum ACE activity in all pregnant women (y = 69.089 + 0.494x, r = 0.562, p < 0.01). In PIH patients, the gestosis index and the degree of edema also had a statistically significant correlation with the level of serum ACE activity (y = –0.560 + 0.056x, r = 0.549, p < 0.05; y = –1.760 + 0.043x, r = 0.629, p < 0.01). The amount of 24-hour urinary protein was independent of the level of serum ACE activity. It seems that a disturbance in the regulation of ACE activity may be one of the factors responsible for the development of PIH.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294867

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Localization of NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (type I-PGDH) may influence local concentrations of bioactive eicosanoids within intrauterine tissues. In early pregnancy (6–9 weeks), IR-PGDH was localized by immunohistochemistry to syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, and intermediate trophoblast of placenta. At 23–30 weeks of gestation and at term IR-PGDH was present in syncytiotrophoblast and intermediate trophoblast, but not in cytotrophoblast in placenta. It was absent from amnion, and distributed within the trophoblast cell layer of extraplacental chorion variably at 23–30 weeks, but consistently at term. We speculate that PGDH is ideally localized to metabolize and to maintain low concentrations of primary prostaglandins in the fetal membranes for much of gestation.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294868

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The level of human fibronectin receptor (FNR) in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in samples from normal pregnant women in the 1 st trimester (n = 5), 2nd trimester (n = 7), 3rd trimester (n = 23), normal postpartum women day 1 (n = 4), day 2 (n = 5), day 3 (n = 8), nonpregnant women (n = 18), 20 preeclamptic patients in the 3rd trimester, and 8 patients with abruptio placentae in the 3rd trimester. In normal pregnancy, the mean value of FNR was 1.4 ± 0.4 μg/ml in the 1st, 1.4 ± 0.2 μg/ml in the 2nd, and 1.9 ± 0.3 μg/ml (p < 0.05) in the 3rd trimester. FNR values increased with pregnancy. During the puerperium, its level decreased with time, being 1.4 ± 0.5 μg/ml (p < 0.01) on day 1, 1.0 ± 0.3 μg/ml on day 2, and 0.8 ± 0.2 μg/ml on day 3. The level in preeclamptic patients was 2.0 ± 0.4 μg/ml, and that in abruptio placentae was 2.7 ± 0.4 μg/ml. There were significant differences between the levels in abruptio placentae versus pre-eclampsia (p < 0.05) and 3rd-trimester normal pregnant women (p < 0.01). In the immunohistochemical study, the surface of normal decidual cells stained weakly for FNR, and the decidual cell membranes of the cases of pre-eclampsia stained moderately or strongly. Decidual cells and their extracellular matrix close to hematomas of abruptio placentae stained very strongly for FNR. FNR was also detected on the surface of chorionic villi, and the intensity of its staining in this region did not change in preeclampsia or abruptio placentae. These findings suggest that the plasma FNR value during pregnancy reflects its production in the placenta, and that a marked increase of FNR may predict the onset of preeclampsia or abruptio placentae.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294869

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

17 cases of partial molar pregnancy were analysed cytogenetically by the direct-preparation method. Eight partial moles were triploid, 7 diploid/tetraploid mosaic, and 2 tetraploid. In the course of prenatal cytogenetic screening, out of 1,263 chorionic villus samplings, 2 tetraploid and 1 diploid/tetraploid cases were found. These cases of partial moles do not fit into the usual patterns of triploid partial moles. The findings presented here suggest that different causative factors may be involved in the origin of molar degenerations. These results also call to attention that tetraploidy is an existent and relatively common abnormality.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294870

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of serum from patients with endometriosis on the in vitro development of 2-cell mouse embryos was evaluated in the present study. Embryos were cultured for 72 h in 5 % serum supplement from patients with endometriosis, infertile patients with no evidence of endometriosis, and Ham’ F-10 medium with no serum supplement. Significantly less embryos developed to the blastocyst stage at 72 h in the endometriosis group as compared with the nonendometriosis groups and Ham’ F-10 medium (p < 0.05). These results suggest the presence of one or more serum factors that are toxic to early embryonic development and thus may play a role in the infertility associated with endometriosis, especially with respect to early embryonic loss.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294871

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Corpus luteum activity was monitored in 15 women undergoing nonsurgical management of ectopic pregnancy with local methotrexate injection followed by alternating oral methotrexate and citrovorum factor (group A, n = 8) or local methotrexate injection alone (group B, n = 7). All patients initially demonstrated a viable corpus luteum (plasma progersterone ranged from 1.4 to 19 ng/ml). The treatment was successful in 14, with the exception of one whose tube ruptured 11 days after local administration of methotrexate, despite a continuous decrease in β human chorionic gonadotropin, 17β-estradiol and plasma progesterone levels. There seems to be no correlation between the success of the treatment and the behavior of β human chorionic gonadotropin, 17β-estradiol and plasma progesterone. Three patients from group A and two from group B displayed an initial rise in β human chorionic gonadotropin following the initiation of the therapy, but the corpus luteum response differed. In group B patients, 17β-estradiol and plasma progesterone levels increased in parallel with β human chorionic gonadotropin. Group A patients displayed a continuous decrease in 17β-estradiol and plasma progesterone levels despite the elevation of β human chorionic gonadotropin, suggesting a possible effect of the systemic methotrexate on corpus luteum activity.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294872

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We measured the noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) contents of 47 normally maturated and 16 cystically degenerated follicular fluid samples obtained from patients involved in the in vitro fertilization and gamete transfer program. The patients were given human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG), as a superovulation treatment, and 7,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to induce ovulation 34–36 h prior to the follicular puncture done by laparoscope. The NA content of the normally developed follicles was 11.4 + 8.4 μg/l00 ml on average. For cystically degenerated follicles, the following data were obtained: 1.1 + 0.7 μg/l00 ml (p < 0.001). 5-HT and DA contents in the preovulatory follicles are 14.3 ± 8.9 and 19.3 ± 8.2 μg/l00 ml, respectively; at the same time, 5-HT and DA contents in the cystically degenerated follicles were 12.2 ± 6.2 and 12.7 ± 6.8μg/l00ml, respectively. They suggest that the higher amount of NA in the follicular fluid might play an important role in the mechanism of ovulation, the regulation of postovulatory tubal motility and the release of progesterone from granulosa cells.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294873

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sixty postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to three types of treatment with intranasal salmon calcitonin (SCT) plus calcium 500 mg daily (group A: 100IU daily of SCT; group B: 100IU daily of SCT for alternate cycles of 2 months with a 1-month interval; group C: 100 IU daily of SCT for alternate cycles of 3 months of treatment followed by a 3-month interval) or calcium 500 mg daily alone (control group). Lumbar density significantly decreased in the control group while it maintained the initial value in both continuously or cyclically treated groups. The bone density of the proximal and distal forearm in treated and control groups did not show significant changes after 12 months.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000294874

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger