摘要:

The binding properties of the calcium channel inhibitor [3H]-nitrendipine to membrane fragments prepared from nonpregnant and pregnant human myometrium were investigated. Specific binding sites with high affinity and low capacity were identified in both pregnant and nonpregnant myometrium. Whereas there was no significant difference in the concentration of binding sites in the two types of myometria, the Kd value for binding in pregnant myometrium was lower than that in nonpregnant myometrium (p < 0.05). Although dihydropyridines effectively competed for [3H]-nitrendipine-binding sites, verapamil was a poor competitor. This was true for both the pregnant and nonpregnant myometrium. The inhibition of nitrendipine binding by dihydropyridines and also verapamil was significantly greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant myometrium. These data suggest that dihydropyridine-type calcium channel inhibitors might provide a useful alternative for treating premature labor.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293619

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One-way-stimulated mixed mother-newborn lymphocyte cultures (MMNLC) from male and female newborns were evaluated and compared shortly after delivery. Newborn sex-correlated differences were observed in the strength of the MMNLC reactivity with responding maternal as well as newborn cells. The reactivity of MMNLC with responding maternal cells from male as compared to female newborns was significantly less inhibited in maternal and newborn serum. The inhibitory effect of maternal serum on maternal and male newborn lymphocytes in MMNLC seems to be correlated to the sex of the previous child delivered and was significantly lower when the present as well as the previous baby were of the same sex, e.g. 2 boys. The results suggest that fetal-male-specific Y-chromosome-correlated histocompatibility antigens may specifically influence the maternal immune response to her fetus.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293620

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Portex catheter and the silver cannula are two of the most widely used biopsy devices for chorionic villus sampling. In a prospective randomized study we used these two devices alternatively in 168 women. Significantly more trophoblastic tissue was obtained with the silver cannula than with the Portex catheter (p < 0.05) while significantly more failures to obtain villus tissue were recorded with the Portex cannula (8/84 with the silver cannula vs. 19/84 with the Portex cannula; p < 0.05). In 27 cases where use of the device met with failure to obtain chorionic villi after three attempts the other instrument was then used in the same patient (combined group). Four pregnancies aborted spontaneously after the procedure (2.4%). Significantly more complications occurred in the ‘combined’ group (4/27 vs. 4/168, p < 0.05). A higher yield of trophoblastic tissue is possible with the silver cannula than with the Portex catheter.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293621

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Organization and results of an in vitro fertilization program at the Huddinge University Hospital are given from its beginning in August 1985: 6 months in advance a scheme is scheduled with 2 weeks open for treatment followed by free intervals of 3–4 weeks. Follicular development is stimulated with clomiphene citrate and hMG, and assessed by analyses of estradiol and LH in serum combined with ultrasound examinations. Following the administration of hCG, eggs are collected by transvesical aspiration guided by ultrasound. The ova are inseminated with about 50,000 motile spermatozoa, and cultured for 48 h. Up to four eggs are transferred transcervically to the uterine cavity. 158 egg pickups have been performed (August 1985 to December 1987) in 106 patients resulting in fourteen intrauterine and two ectopic pregnancies, biochemical pregnancies not counted. This protocol has restricted routine work load allowing these treatments to be part of the clinical routine. It has also allowed the application of research programs and thus optimized limited resources.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293622

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diurnal variations in serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and cortisol were measured in 4 women during late stages of pregnancy (gestational weeks 34–38), in 2 women at an early stage of pregnancy (gestational weeks 11 and 17) and in 2 nonpregnant women. Blood samples were obtained through a nonthrombogenic catheter using continuous withdrawal of blood by means of a portable pump changing the recipient tube at 30-min intervals. Serum TSH concentrations showed a diurnal variation in both pregnant and nonpregnant women with maximal values around midnight. Serum PRL concentrations were elevated in pregnant women but the concentrations showed marked variations indicating episodic secretion of the hormone. Serum cortisol concentrations increased in pregnant women, but the typical diurnal pattern persisted with nadir levels around midnight and marked elevations during the early morning hours. The results suggest that also during human pregnancy there is a diurnal variation in TSH and cortisol secretion, as well as an episodic secretion of PRL.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293623

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A prospective, randomized, controlled comparative clinical trial was carried out with the aim of investigating the efficacy and tolerance of two different dosage regimens of amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. Patients in group A received a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin, which was compared to a 4-day course of 3 X 750 mg amoxicillin tablets taken every 8 h (group B). Significant bacteriuria (CFU≥105 /ml clean catch midstream urine and CFU ≥ 104/ml urine obtained by bladder catheterization) was diagnosed using the dip-slide method (Uricult®). 91 pregnant women with a mean gestational age of 25 weeks (14–38) were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups. 53 patients were assigned to group A and 38 patients to group B. The treatment groups were comparable in terms of age and duration of pregnancy. Urine culture tests were performed 1 and 4 weeks after completion of therapy. The predominant species was Escherichia coli, which was isolated in 60–65% of the cases. Bacteriological cure rates at 1 and 4 weeks, respectively, were 77 and 74% in group A, and 62 and 62% in group B. These differences were statistically not significant. The incidence of side effects was 4% in group A and 13 % in group B. The results obtained in the present study suggest that in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin is as effective and acceptable as a 4-day course. In addition, the single-dose regimen offers the advantage of a reduction in total dose, lower costs and better patient compliance.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293624

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A prospective study was conducted to determine the risk of placenta previa and unexplained antepartum hemorrhage after a previous cesarean section (CS). Of a total of 24,644 patients, 81 (0.33%) had a placenta previa which demanded abdominal delivery. The risk of placenta previa was 0.25% with an unscarred uterus and 1.22% in patients with one or more previous CS (the difference was statistically significant p < 0.001). The corresponding figures for unexplained antepartum hemorrhage were 0.40% and 3.81 %, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients presenting with a placenta previa and a scarred uterus had a 16 % risk of undergoing cesarean hysterectomy because of placenta accreta and severe hemorrhage compared to 3.6% in patients with placenta previa and an unscarred uterus. In conclusion, cesarean deliveries predispose to placenta previa, placenta accreta and antepartum hemorrhage during subsequent pregnancies. This relationship has to be considered in the cost-benefit equation for decision of route of delivery.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293625

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The concentration of cadmium was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in colostrum samples obtained from 110 women on the 4th postpartum day. Detectable amounts of cadmium were found in 95% of the examined samples and the geometric mean of the determined values was 0.002 mg/kg. In 3 cases (2.7%, the examined neonates received via mother’s milk an amount of cadmium exceeding the maximum daily intake level for this metal. Maternal age, parity and place of residence did not affect the determined cadmium levels of milk. Cadmium content in the early human milk of current smokers did not differ significantly from that of nonsmoking mother

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293626

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dopamine infusion on plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, (FSH and prolactin (PRL) after acute (1 week postovariectomy) and chronic (postmenopausal women) estrogen withdrawal. We also studied the same group of postmenopausal women after ovariectomy to evaluate the possible influence of other gonadal factors on the endocrine effects of dopamine. In order to have a further indication of neuroendocrine dopamine activity on pituitary secretions, we measured the change in plasma LH, FSH and PRL after the administration of metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor antagonist. Our findings confirm that in fertile women dopamine infusion inhibits plasma LH and FSH levels and show that 1 week after ovariectomy the LH decrease during dopamine administration is still present whereas the FSH decrease is not. In all groups of patients, dopamine significantly inhibited plasma PRL levels. Metoclopramide increased plasma LH levels in reproductive-age women before ovariectomy, but not in postmenopausal women. Plasma FSH levels did not change in any group and PRL levels increased after metoclopramide administration in all subjects. The present findings show that dopamine regulation of LH is impaired in long-term menopause, but not shortly after ovariectomy. These changes in LH control are not followed by similar changes in PRL secretion, which remains under tonic inhibitory regulation by dopamine. The different behavior of LH and FSH after ovariectomy and in postmenopause shows the independence of LH and FSH regulation.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293627

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Real-time ultrasonic scanning examinations were performed on 31 postmenopausal Japanese women with no evidence of pathology. Both ovaries were visualized in 25 patients. Only the left ovary was imaged in 5 and only the right one in 1 patient. Ovarian sectional area (OSA) was 1.45 ± 0.61 cm2 in the left-sided ovary and 1.36 ± 0.64 cm2 in the right-sided ovary, with no statistically significant difference. In all 56 ovaries, the OSA was 1.41 ± 0.63 cm2. These normal values in postmenopausal women provide a useful indicator for detection of postmenopausal palpable ovary syndrome.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293628

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger