ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291929

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pregnancy in adolescence has been and continues to be a problem in public health. A retrospective study of 562 mothers, 18 years of age and below, was carried out. This study has shown a high incidence of preeclampsia (9.9%), low birth weight infants (17.2%), and preterm delivery (9.3%). It is imperative to institute a medical and educational servive with comprehensive prenatal care for adolescent mothers in order to improve the outcome of their pregnancies.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291930

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The width of the symphysis pubis was measured in a skeleton model using slide rule, ultrasonography and x-ray. Ultrasonography gave a 0.5-mm and x-ray a 1.0-mm narrower gap than the slide rule. Further, 15 nonpregnant females undergoing urography volunteered for an extra ultrasonography of the symphysis pubis. The widths of the symphysis as measured from the x-ray exposures and the ultrasonography were compared. Regression analysis gave a regression coefficient of 0.979 and a correlation coefficient of 0.850. Ultrasonography offers at least the same precision as x-ray for assessing the width of the symphyseal gap.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291932

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The placenta possesses the ability to metabolize numerous xenobiotics and endogenous steroids. However, it is unknown whether regional differences in these enzymatic reactions exist in the human placenta. To this end, we undertook a study of four regions of the placenta, the chorionic plate, maternal surface, placental margin and whole tissue, to assess the activities of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 19A1 (aromatase) and glutathione S-stransferase in these fractions. No differences in either P450 1 A1 or glutathione S-transferase activities were noted among any of the placental fractions. However, with respect to P450 19A1 activity, the placental margin differed significantly from all other fractions (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that whole tissue samples of the human placenta are adequate for placental cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase metabolism studies.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291934

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of angiotensin II on the formation of prostacyclin and thromboxane in preterm human umbilical arteries was investigated during in vitro perfusion. Bolus doses of 1, 10 and 100 ng led to a definite increase in the production of prostacyclin and a decrease in that of thromboxane.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291936

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Flow velocity waveforms were recorded by Doppler ultrasonography from the uterine arteries, umbilical artery, thoracic descending aorta, renal artery and middle cerebral artery in fetuses of 57 pregnancies complicated by preterm labor with intact membranes. The uterine artery resistance index was significantly increased in patients with preterm labor when compared to reference limits for gestation, but no relationship was found with the time interval between Doppler recordings and delivery. The group of fetuses (n = 15) delivered within 48 h from entry to the study showed significantly reduced pulsatility index values from the middle cerebral artery when compared to fetuses delivered later or to the normal reference limits for gestation. No significant differences were found in the other vessels studied. In conclusion preterm delivery is associated with alterations in fetal cerebral waveforms and knowledge of these changes may prove useful in the evaluation of patients with preterm labor.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291938

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Objective: To evaluate the effect of second-stage epidural bupivacaine on the outcome of labor. Methods: Two groups of 35 patients each were randomly allocated to receive continuous epidural bupivacaine throughout labor (group 1) or until an 8-cm dilatation of the cervix (group 2). Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the rates of instrument deliveries and in their Apgar scores. Conclusions: The administration of continuous epidural bupivacaine (0.25%) throughout labor and delivery does not seem to affect the outcome of labor.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291940

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 27 women, uterine activity in the third stage of labour was correlated with blood loss measured quantitatively during the same period of time. Myometrial activity was reflected by total intrauterine pressures measured using a Gaeltec® catheter tipped pressure transducer inserted transcervically within 5 min of delivery of the placenta. Blood loss over the same 2-hour period was collected on absorbent paper and measured in the laboratory by colorimetric measurement of the haemoglobin content. As total uterine activity in the third stage of labour decreases total blood loss increases, but there is a poor correlation of uterine activity to total blood loss over the same period of time, probably because of biological variations in myometrial activity in normal women.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291942

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the participation of cytokines and neutrophils in fetal distress. Study Design: Umbilical cord serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and plasma granulocyte elastase (GEL) were measured in 30 normally grown newborns without fetal distress (Group A), 10 growth-retarded newborns without acute fetal distress (Group B), 5 normally grown newborns with fetal distress (Group C), and 5 growth-retarded newborns with fetal distress (Group D). Umbilical arterial blood pH and PO2 were also measured. Results: Umbilical arterial blood pH and PO2 in either Group C or Group D were significantly lower than those in either Group A or Group B. The concentration of IL-6 in Group D was significantly higher than that in either Group A, B, or C. The level of IL-8 in either Group C or Group D was significantly higher than that in either Group A or Group B. The concentrations of GEL in Group D was significantly higher than that in either Group A or Group B. Conclusion: This study suggests that fetal distress in utero causes an elevation of immune factors such as IL-6, IL-8 and GEL.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291944

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Full vaginal casts of 39 Caucasian women, 13 each nulliparous, uniparous and multiparous, were made using vinyl polysiloxane impression material. Vaginal lengths were measured with polished acrylic rods inserted by the subjects, and introital diameters were measured with conical polypropylene flasks. Parallel sided, conical, heart, and slug shapes were found. Lengths ranged from 6.86 to 14.81 cm; widths ranged from 4.8 to 6.3 cm; introital diameters ranged from 2.39 to 6.45 cm. No significant differences by parity or shape were found.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000291946

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger