摘要:

Plasma digoxin-like immunoreactive factor (DLIF) has been detected in various pathophysiological conditions associated with volume expansion. In this study, using radioimmunoassay, we confirmed the existence of high levels of DLIF in the stimulated foUicular fluid, a rapidly volume-expanding biological model. The concentration of the various fractions of DLIF in foUicular fluid was 2–9 times higher than in plasma, suggesting local concentration or production. No difference in concentration was observed between follicles containing fertilized oocytes and follicles with unfertilized oocytes. The role of DLIF in follicular homeostasis remains to be further investigate

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293029

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Few in vivo studies have attempted to characterize the effects of cocaine on the maternal and fetal pituitary-adrenal axis during pregnancy. We, therefore, administered cocaine (2 mg·kg-1) intravenously to 6 fetal sheep at 127–138 days of gestation. There was a transient reduction in fetal arterial pO2 with a concomitant increase in pCO2 and a prolonged fall in pH (p < 0.05) following cocaine injection. No changes were seen in maternal pO2 pCO2 or pH. Maternal plasma adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and lactate were not affected by fetal administration of cocaine. Although there was a tendency for fetal plasma adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and lactate to rise after administering cocaine, the increases were not statistically significant. Previous studies have shown that cocaine administration to the ewe at a similar stage of pregnancy results in increased fetal plasma adrenocorticotropin concentrations. The results of the present study indicate that cocaine administration to the fetus compromises fetal gas exchange and acid base balance, but the effects on the fetal pituitary-adrenal axis are less pronounced than after maternal administration of cocaine.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293030

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A dose of 7 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) given 14 h before the expected LH peak on proestrus significantly increased embryonic mortality in Swiss random-bred female mice to 5 5% of the number of corpora lutea. The use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in a similar injection protocol did not induce embryonic death. The effect found in Swiss random-bred mice resembles that of a dose of 20 IU hCG in the rat. Afternoon-day-4 mouse embryos contained 39.1 ± 12.6 nuclei after hCG-induced ovulation compared to 46.2 ± 16.6 nuclei after spontaneous ovulation. For early-day-5 embryos of the rat, these figures were 34.2 ± 10.1 and 31.7 ± 8.4, respectively (mating was early on day 1). Numerical chromosome errors were estimated in secondary oocytes of the mouse and early-day-5 embryos of the rat. Compared with data from the literature, hCG seems to induce some extra meiotic nondisjunction in the rat only. Combining all genetic and physiological data, the loss of fecundity after hCG-induced ovulation is a maternal effect.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293031

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To assess the reliability of early biometric measurements in pregnancy, transvaginal sonography was performed in 92 pregnancies in the first trimester in a cross-sectional fashion. Measurements included crown-to-rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head and abdominal circumference (HC and AC), and femur length (FL). Stepwise regression analysis of the gestational age was performed. CRL maintained the highest correlation with gestational age (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). BPD, HC, AC also correlated well. FL showed a less strong correlation with gestational age (r = 0.76, p < 0.001). CRL remains the standard for early sonography measurements.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293032

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One hundred and forty-three women in the early first trimester of gestation were examined 364 times using transvaginal sonography, and the development of embryonic heart rate was studied. In each case gestational age was revised retrospectively by either recorded basal body temperature or ultrasound crown-rump length dating between 9 and 10 weeks. Embryonic cardiac activity could be detected as early as 37 days of gestation. In 133 continuing pregnancies, embryonic heart rate rose from an average of 97.7 beats per min at 36–38 days to 174.7 beats per min at 60–62 days. A significant correlation was seen between gestational age and embryonic heart rate (p < 0.001). The regression equation for heart rate was as follows: heart rate = 3.850 × gestational age (days) ––54.64 (r = 0.908, n = 347), in short, embryonic heart rate continued to rise about 4 beats per min every day until 8 weeks of gestation. In this series, 10 pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortion in the first trimester, and all of them showed relative bradycardia. Embryonic heart rate measurements in 8 of them were below the 95% prediction intervals for normal heart rate plotted against gestational age. This study suggests that embryonic heart rate measurement by ultrasound may be a new method for dating early first trimester, and that first trimester bradycardia may be associated with a poor prognosis for the pregnancy.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293033

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Red cell deformability of 30 nonpregnant volunteers and 20 normal pregnant women in the 3rd trimester was assessed by determination of filterability of red cells suspended either in autologous plasma or in buffer by St. George’s nitrometer method. Total red cell deformability was decreased in normal pregnancy [transit time (Tc) = 7.79 ± 0.86 vs. 6.99 ± 0.65, p < 0.01] as compared to nonpregnant women when erythrocytes were studied in buffer suspensions, while the number of profoundly rigid red cells was lower in pregnant patients [clogging particles (CP) = 0.864 ± 0.225 vs. 1.103 ± 0.246, p < 0.01]. Total red cell deformability was no longer reduced in pregnant women when erythrocytes were suspended in autologous plasma (Tc = 7.25 ± 0.66 vs. 7.13 ± 0.69, p = NS) while the number of rigid erythrocytes was still lower (CP = 0.802 ± 0.157 vs. 1.055 ± 0.210, p < 0.01). Our data suggest that by the end of normal pregnancy, red cell deformability decreases with a consequent accelerated turnover and a fast elimination of very poorly deformable erythrocytes; plasma alterations in late pregnancy partly counteract the intrinsic loss of deformability of red blood cells.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293034

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Antenatal care of women with preterm rupture of membranes is controversial, particularly in countries with high prevalence figures for sexually transmitted diseases and other genital infections. In order to assess the value of conservative and active management routines, 92 women with singleton pregnancies and gestational lengths between 27 and 34 weeks were adopted into the two respective groups. The first group comprised 40 cases who were treated conservatively and the second comprised 52 cases who were treated actively with induction. The first group received amoxicillin (100 mg) and metronidazole (500 mg), both drugs given three times daily. All patients were also routinely treated with an antimalarial dose of chloroquine. The second group was not given any pharmaceutical treatment, and labor was induced 3–24 h after membrane rupture. The two groups differed significantly regarding birth weight, the average birth weights being 2,168 and 1,780 g in the first and second groups, respectively (p < 0.05). While the intrauterine mortality was approximately the same in both groups, the neonatal mortality differed significantly (2.6 vs. 19.2%; p < 0.05). It is concluded that an expectant attitude, rather than an active and induction-oriented one, is most favorable in cases with preterm rupture of membranes, also in settings in which prevalence figures of sexually transmitted diseases and other genital infections are high.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293035

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A prospective study was conducted of 270 intrapartum patients admitted in labor to investigate the independent and combined relationships between umbilical arterial cord pH and Apgar scores and neonatal outcome. The results revealed that when assessed independently, a low 5-min Apgar score (< 7) was associated with both NICU admission and neonatal sepsis. When categorized by both cord pH and 5-min Apgar, the majority of patients (75.9%) had both parameters normal, 20.7% had an abnormal pH (< 7.20) and normal Apgar (> 7) and few patients had either both normal or an abnormal Apgar given a normal pH. Given a normal 5-min Apgar score, additional information about the cord pH did not enhance the predictability for either NICU admission or neonatal sepsis. Neonates with both an abnormal pH and 5-min Apgar had the highest incidence of NICU admission. For all neonates, the presence of meconium greatly increased the likelihood of being admitted to the NICU.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293036

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The functional status of the Fallopian tubes in patients with unexplained infertility (UI) was evaluated with radionuclide hysterosalpingography (RN-HSG). The rate of bilateral tubal occlusion with RN-HSG in women with UI (3/18 = 16.7%) was considerably higher than in a group of fertile and male-infertile women (0/28 = 0%), implying that a number of cases with UI might be associated with functional rather than anatomical tubal defects. RN-HSG is a simple, innocuous and potentially useful method for assessing functional tubal occlusion, and it might give a better understanding of the functional status of the tubes in UI.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293037

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Tissue biopsies from the lower urinary tract and the vagina were obtained from 51 and 45 women, respectively, during incontinence surgery or other gynecological operation procedures in order to calculate hormone receptor content. We compared the results between premenopausal, postmenopausal patients with and those without hormonal treatment. Utilizing the enzyme immunohistochemical assay we were able to demonstrate nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors in the smooth muscle of the trigone and the posterior part of the bladder neck. But only in about 50% of the patients receptor proteins were detected in the frozen thin sections of these tissues. Biopsies from the anterior part of the bladder neck and the bladder vault were never receptor positive. In the vagina the rate of receptor-positive tissues was about 80%; in comparison, a smaller number of patients had receptor-positive cells in the bladder. From 29 patients we obtained specimens from the trigone and the vagina as well. The correlation of receptor-positive and -negative tissues of both organs was only 66%. Thus tissue biopsies obtained from the vagina only are not sufficient to discuss the probability of hormonal influence of the lower urinary tract.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293038

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger